240 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
greyish-black ; quills black ; “@#fermost secondaries elongated 
and gracefully plumed, the tips blackish; rest of plumage 
pale s/aty-grey ; bill olive-green, paler towards tip and becoming 
flesh-coloured at base beneath. Length 45 or £6 inches ; culmen 
4°73 wing 24 to 26; tail 8; tarsus 9°75 to 10. 
Young in frst plumage: ‘“ Have the parts of the head 
which are naked in the adult covered with feathers, and the 
black and white on the head and upper part of the neck are 
replaced by brown and grey ; the plumes are much smaller and 
less curled” (Seebohm). 
Distribution: A summer visitor to Northern Europe and 
Asia, migrating southward in autumn to Northern Africa and 
India. 
Habitat: Marshy plains. 
DEMOISELLE CRANE. > 
Grus virgo (Zznz.). 
Adult Male: Sides of head, chin, throat, fore part of 
neck, quills, and tips of innermost secondaries black, the 
latter feathers elongated beyond the tail and straight ; behind 
the eye a tuft of elingated white feathers; rest of plumage 
ashy-grey ; bill olive-brown, yellowish towards tip; legs and 
feet blackish ; irides deep red. Length about 3 feet; culmen 
2°5-inches; wing 20 to0255 tarsus 7. . 
Adult Female: Resembles the male, but is duller, and 
has the white tufts on the head less developed. 
Young in first plumage: Grey, with greyish-white ear- 
tufts, and a brown patch in the middle of the neck ; inner- 
most secondaries not elongated. 
Distribution: Inhabits parts of Southern Europe, Africa 
and Asia, of rare occurrence as far north as Scandinavia and 
the British Isles. 
Habitat: Margins of rivers, lakes or ponds. 
~ SIBERIAN CRANE. 
Grus leucogeranus fad. 
Adult: Plumage white, except primaries which are black ; 
