SCOLOPACIDAE—GREENSHANK. 271 
Young in first plumage: “Closely resemble adults in 
breeding-plumage, but are browner on the head and _ neck, 
duller in colour and more spotted; the under parts are greyish- 
white, barred and streaked with brown, the lores are very dark 
brown, and a white streak extends over the eye” (Seebohm). 
Birds of the year: Have the entire under parts barred 
with brown ; otherwise resemble adults in winter. In all stages 
of plumage Z: fuscus may be distinguished from 7’ calidris by 
its longer bill and brown secondaries, barred with white. 
Distribution: Breeds in Europe and Asia within the 
Arctic Circle and ranges in winter into the Mediterranean 
region, Northern Africa, India, China and Japan. 
Habitat: Marshes and swampy ground inland: less fre- 
quently observed on the sea-coast than T. calidris. 
GREENSHANK. 
Totanus canescens (Gwe/.). 
Adult (Summer): Head and neck white with dusky 
streaks ; breast, upper part of abdomen and flanks white, spot- 
ted with blackish ; rest of under parts, lower back and rump 
pure white; feathers of scapulars, mantle and innermost 
secondaries black, some having greyish margins; rest of 
secondaries almost uniform brownish-grey ; primaries blackish ; 
wing-coverts dark brown ; tail white, barred with pale brown ; 
bill black (ant-rior half slightly recurved); legs and feet olzve- 
green; irides hazel. Length 13°5 inches ; culmen 2°2; wing 
7-3; tail 3; tarsus 2°3. 
Adult (Winter): “The black blotches on the feathers of 
the upper parts are reduced to subterminal margins, and the 
streaks on the under parts are confined to the sides of the neck 
and of the breast, the under wing-coverts, and the axillaries ” 
(Seebohm). 
Young in first plumage: “Have the feathers of the 
upper parts blackish-brown, with very pale buff margins, and 
on the innermost secondaries and scapulars are obscure dark 
spots ; the colours of the rump, upper tail-coverts, quills and 
tail are the same as in the adult, but the bars on the centre 
tail-feathers are more conspicuous, because the ground-colour is 
white, but those on the axillaries are nearly obsolete. The 
spots on the under parts are much less distinct than in breeding- 
