LARIDA—GULLS. 285 
deep brown. Length 1roto1zinches; culmen 0’9 ; wing 88; 
tail 3°6; tarsus o'9. 
Adult (Winter): Very similar, but with the head white, 
the nape marked with grey. 
Young in first plumage: Crown, ear-coverts, mantle, 
lesser wing-coverts, and innermost secondaries dusky, the 
latter white-tipped ; primaries smoky-grey, broadly margined 
on innermost webs with white ; tail with broad terminal black 
band ; bill nearly black. 
Distribution: Breeds in North-eastern Europe and in 
temperate Asia, as far north as the Sea of Okhotsk. Found 
on European coasts and inland waters during migration, fre- 
quenting also the Mediterranean Sea and northern shores of 
Africa. 
Habitat: Marshes and inland lakes, retiring to the sea- 
coast in autumn. 
BLAC Ki nB ADDED *G@uL-L.. 
Larus ridibundus Zzzz. 
Adult (Summer): Head dark brown , first primary black 
on most part of outer web, whzte on inner web ; with a blackish 
margin and tip; second and third primaries the same but 
with narrower dark margins ; tips black, shafts white; fifth and 
sixth primaries grey on both webs, bordered on inner webs 
and tipped with black; back, secondaries and wing-coverts 
uniform delicate grey; tail and under parts white, the breast 
tinged with rose-colour; bill, legs and feet lake-red ; irides 
Hazel, Length 26 inches ; .culmen: 1:35 wimg 2; tail 5; 
tarsus 1°75. 
Adult (Winter): Feathers round eyes and ear-coverts 
dusky-grey ; nape marked with grey ; head otherwise white. 
Young in first plumage: Hinder crown, nape, hind 
neck, back, scapulars and smaller wing-coverts more or less 
brown, with pale tips ; greater coverts and secondaries Irench- 
_ grey; outer primaries with shafts and central portion chiefly 
white, otherwise black; tail broadly banded at end with 
blackish ; bill yellowish-brown, blackish at tip. 
Young after first moult: Are greyer on the back, but 
retain the brown marked lesser coverts and head, also the 
black tips to the tail-feathers. 
