LARIDE—SKUAS. 295 
winter along the Western European coasts down to Gibraltar, 
and in America as far south as New England. 
Habitat: The sea-coast, breeding inland on high moors. 
POMATORHINE SKUA. 
Stercorarius pomatorhinus (7Zemm.). 
Adult: Crown, back, wings, scapulars and tail dark brown ; 
two central rectrices four inches longer than the rest and twisted 
upwards ; neck and most of under parts white; feathers of 
former washed with golden-yellow ; across the chest a band of 
sooty-brown mottlings, which in extremely old birds entirely 
disappears ; some markings on sides of body, lower abdomen 
and under tail-coverts sooty-brown ; bill dark horn, black at 
tip; legs and feet black; irides brown. Length 212 inches ; 
culmen 1°55 ; wing 14°25 to 15; tail 8°75; tarsus 2°T. 
Young: Above entirely brown, most of feathers tipped with 
wood-brown ; central tail-feathers little elongated, shafts of 
primaries and a large portion of inner webs white; beneath 
closely marked with dusky- and wood-brown alternately: bill 
greenish-brown at base; legs and basal portion of feet yellow, 
anterior portions of toes black. 
Distribution: Breeds in Asiatic Siberia, Alaska, and 
across Arctic North America to Greenland. An autumn 
visitant to the more northerly coasts of Europe. Has occurred 
during winter as far south as Australia, Southern Africa and 
Peru. 
Habitat: The sea-coast, breeding on the “ tundras.” 
Note-—A dark form is sometimes met with which is almost uniform dark 
brown both above and beneath, but shows the golden colour about the 
neck as in the commoner form. 
RICHARDSON’S SKUA. 
Stercorarius crepidatus (Bamss). 
Adult : Upper parts generally slaty-grey ; neck washed with 
yellow ; central tatl-feathers much elongated (about three inches 
