310 A HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN BIRDS. 
blackish-brown ; superciliag# stripe and erectile  ear-tufts 
ochreous-chestnut ; upper parts generally brownish-black, 
marked with grey; primaries brown ; secondaries chiefly 
white ; fore eck, chest and flanks chestnut ; rest of under parts 
silvery-white ; 02/7 straight, black, whitish at tip ; irides crimson ; 
legs and feet olive-green, palest on webs. Length 12 to 13 
inches ; culmen o’g ; wing 5°25 to 5.5 ; tarsus 1°75. 
Adult (Winter) and Young: Under parts entirely white ; 
neck-ruff and ear-tufts wanting. 
Distribution: Breeds in Iceland, Scandinavia, and Russia, 
ranging across Siberia to Japan. Breeds also in the fur 
countries of North America. Occurs in the British Isles and 
down to the Mediterranean in winter, and in America as far 
south as Bermuda. 
Habitat: Both fresh-water lakes and the sea-coast, the 
latter chiefly in winter. 
BLACK-NECKED OR EARED GREBE. 
Podiceps nigricollis (C. Z. Brehm.). 
Adult (Summer): Head and neck black, with an olive 
tint especially on crown ; behind the eye a patch of elongated 
feathers golden and russet ; back and wings chiefly dark brown ; 
last two primaries and secondaries whize ; flanks chestnut, rest 
of under parts silvery-white ; 07/7 slightly recurved, black ; legs 
and feet olive; irides red, encircled with white. Length 712 
inches; calmen o’9; wing 5 to 5°25; tarsus 1°6. 
Adult (Winter) and Young: Closely resemble the same 
states of plumage in P. auritus, but may be readily distinguished 
by the slightly recurved bill and white innermost primaries. 
Distribution: Breeds in suitable localities throughout 
most of temperate Europe and Asia, also in Africa, in which 
country it ranges southward to Cape Colony. Occurs in 
Great Britain and Southern Scandinavia only on migration. 
Habitat: Very similar to that of preceding species. 
LITTLE GREBE. 
Podiceps fluviatilis (7zmst.). 
Adult (Summer): Head, hind neck and upper parts 
