THE GAME ANIMALS OF CANADA 37 
animals. The successful efforts of the Forest, Fish, and 
Game Commission of the State of New York serve as an 
excellent example of what may be accomplished in this 
direction. From 1901 to 1903 several small herds of wapiti 
were presented by the owners of private herds, and these 
were liberated in small bands, chiefly on State lands. Their 
increase was so satisfactory that by the end of 1907 it was 
estimated that the total number at large in the Adirondacks 
was about 350. 
The wapiti can be readily bred in private parks, and in 
his useful bulletin on the raising of deer David E. Lantz* 
has given many successful examples of such private enter- 
prise. This bulletin gives full information on the manage- 
ment of these animals, and will be found of great assistance 
to any persons who may desire to undertake this commend- 
able line of game preservation. 
DEER 
In Canada we have three species of deer, excluding the 
wapiti or elk: the white-tailed or ‘‘red”’ deer, also called the 
Virginia deer (Odocotleus virginianus); the mule deer, or 
Rocky Mountain ‘‘black-tail’’ (Odocoileus hemionus) of the 
west, and the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus colum- 
bianus) of the Pacific coast. The three species are very 
distinct and easily separated; they exhibit differences in 
size, form, antlers, and certain other structural details, and 
in their habits; all of which characteristics will be described 
in the following accounts of the three species. 
THe WHITE-TAILED DrxErR (Odocoileus virginianus) 
Strange as it may seem, the territory occupied by. this 
timid denizen of our woods and forests has actually increased, 
* David E. Lantz, ‘‘Raising Deer and Other Large Game Animals in the 
United States.” U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Biological Survey Bull. No. 36, 
62 pp., 8 plates, 1910. 
