BIRDS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE 189 
4. Tue PROVISION oF OTHER ForMs OF FoopD AND 
oF WATER 
In some parts of Canada, such as Nova Scotia, the south- 
ern portions of Ontario and British Columbia, certain species 
of birds remain throughout the entire winter. In such re- 
gions it is especially desirable that steps should be taken and 
provision made for feeding the birds during the winter 
months, particularly during inclement weather, when they 
would experience difficulties in obtaining their natural food. 
Winter feeding is an important part of bird protection and 
encouragement in such regions, and there are many ways of 
providing such food. 
The winter food usually comprises animal food, such as 
suet and other forms of fat, meaty bones and cooked meat, 
and meal worms. Fat- or oil-containing seeds such as sun- 
flower-seeds and nuts, and various grains and seeds such 
as buckwheat, pumpkin and squash seeds, bird-seed, hemp- 
seed, wheat, millet, cracked corn or oats may be used. 
Cracked dog-biscuits, crackers, crumbs and bread and 
chopped apple are all useful. 
These winter foods are usually placed in some form of 
feeding-device. The feeding-shelter may be small or large, 
but it should be so constructed as to enable birds to reach 
_ the food easily and to feed comfortably during stormy 
weather; at the same time they should be protected against 
such enemies as cats. Food-trays partially enclosed by 
glass sides may be attached to windows, or stand near a 
window. One of the most useful types of feeding-shelters is 
the Hessian food-shelter, which contains two trays—a lower 
unprotected tray and a tray placed under the roof and 
sheltered by glass sides. Such feeding-devices are easily 
made, or they can be purchased from dealers in such sup- 
plies. A simple feeding-device can be made by suspending 
a cocoanut which has a hole cut in one end; this is very 
attractive to such birds as tits. 
