PROTECTION OF GAME AND WILD LIFE 271 
Ireland and of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, 
and the United States of America, being desirous of saving from indis- 
criminate slaughter and of insuring the preservation of such migratory 
birds as are either useful to man or are harmless, have resolved to adopt 
some uniform system of protection which shall effectively accomplish 
such objects, and to the end of concluding a convention for this purpose 
have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries: 
His Britannic Majesty, the Right Honourable Sir Cecil Arthur Spring- 
Rice, G.C.V.O., K.C.M.G., etc., His Majesty’s ambassador extraordinary 
and plenipotentiary at Washington; and 
The President of the United States of America, Robert Lansing, Secre- 
tary of State of the United States; 
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full 
powers which were found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to 
and adopted the following articles:— 
ARTICLE I 
The High Contracting Powers declare that the migratory birds in- 
cluded in the terms of this Convention shall be as follows:— 
1. Migratory Game Birds:— 
(a) Anatide or waterfowl, including brant, wild ducks, geese, and 
swans. 
(b) Gruide or cranes, including little brown, sandhill, and whooping 
cranes. 
(c) Rallide or rails, including coots, gallinules and sora and other rails. 
(d) Limicole or shorebirds, including avocets, curlew, dowitchers, god- 
wits, knots, oyster catchers, phalaropes, plovers, sandpipers, snipe, stilts, 
surf birds, turnstones, willet, woodcock, and yellowlegs. 
(e) Columbide or pigeons, including doves and wild pigeons. 
' 2. Migratory Insectivorous Birds: Bobolinks, catbirds, chickadees, 
cuckoos, flickers, flycatchers, grosbeaks, humming birds, kinglets, mar- 
tins, meadowlarks, nighthawks or bull bats, nut-hatches, orioles, robins, 
shrikes, swallows, swifts, tanagers, titmice, thrushes, vireos, warblers, 
waxwings, whippoorwills, woodpeckers, and wrens, and all other perch- 
ing birds which feed entirely or chiefly on insects. 
3. Other Migratory Nongame Birds: Auks, auklets, bitterns, fulmars, 
gannets, grebes, guillemots, gulls, herons, jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, 
puffins, shearwaters, and terns. 
ArticLe II 
The High Contracting Powers agree that, as an effective means of 
preserving migratory birds, there shall be established the following close 
