294 CONSERVATION OF CANADIAN WILD LIFE 
native wild fowl, and their establishment deserves encour- 
agement. 
Ciwic Game Reserves.—There is a type of wild-life reserve 
that ought to be widely adopted in Canada, but which, so 
far as I am aware, exists in one or two instances only and 
on a limited scale. This is what I would call a civic reserve. 
In a previous chapter the creation of community and civic 
bird sanctuaries has been recommended. The effect of such 
sanctuaries in the conservation of wild life in general would 
naturally be somewhat limited in its scope. <A civic wild- 
life reserve, however, would include within its territory such 
native mammals and birds as might occur in the region ad- 
joining or within easy reach of the city owning it. As an 
example, it may be mentioned that the creation of a national 
or provincial park in the region adjoining the Gatineau 
River, north of Ottawa, has been urged for a number of 
years by individuals and local organizations, and this pro- 
posal was included in the recommendations of the commis- 
sion appointed (in 1913) to advise on the planning of the 
city of Ottawa. Unfortunately, however, no steps have yet 
been taken to carry out a proposal that would furnish for the 
adjoining cities an unsurpassed recreation area, in which all 
the pleasures and benefits of life in the woods and hills would 
be the means of enlarging the interests and sympathies of 
thousands of our citizens who are strangers to so many of 
the joys that they might share. 
The idea of such a park or reserve in the country rather 
than within the city limits is by no means a new one. In 
England, within a few miles of London, one of the most 
thickly populated regions of the world, one may lose oneself 
in Epping Forest, one of the finest forest areas in England, 
where still may be found deer—not the semi-domesticated 
kind—badgers, foxes, and other species of wild life, un- 
molested. The city of Glasgow has a country park at Loch 
Argoil, and the city of Birmingham a park at the Lickey 
