DOMESTICATION OF RUMINATING MAMMALS 327 
decided to ship the reindeer from the north coast of Lap- 
land to the mission station of St. Anthony in north New- 
foundland. The herd set sail on December 30, 1907, but, 
owing to ice conditions, it was necessary to land them on 
the Newfoundland coast about eight miles from the har- 
bour selected as the wintering-place for the deer. Lapp 
herders accompanied the deer, which were safely landed and 
took kindly to their new environment. 
In the following spring (1908) the herd was reduced to 
200 does and 50 stags, 50 of the deer having been sold to the 
Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company, 300 miles to 
the south of the place where the herd was maintained, for 
use in the logging camps. As far as it was possible to as- 
certain, 168 fawns were born in the spring. After deduct- 
ing certain losses, the number of reindeer had increased to 
405 animals by the end of 1908. During the summer the 
reindeer chose the high grass-covered hills close to the sea, 
and ate mostly the young grass and green leaves. The does 
gave about a pint of very rich creamy milk per head. 
The herd increased from 250 to 1,250, but, owing to the 
lack of government support, either financially or in checking 
the poaching, which gradually increased, the subsequent 
history of these reindeer was a sad one. As the expenses of 
the Lapp herders could not be met, it was impossible to 
retain them. Instead of creating a reservation for the rein- 
deer from Pistolet Bay to Hare Bay, the killing of reindeer 
north of that lme was prohibited, but the prohibition was 
not enforced. It was claimed that the reindeer were ‘‘dan- 
gerous to life,” and other objections were raised in order to 
create a local sentiment antagonistic to the animals. In 
the end the poaching became so bold that the fishermen, 
coming in the summer in schooners, used to go out and 
shoot the deer. Thus a gradual diminution in the herd 
took place, until, by the end of 1916, hardly more than 100 
animals remained. 
