178 "THE YELLOW WARBLER. 
No. 73. 
YELLOW WARBLER. 
A. O. U. No. 652. Dendroica estiva (Gmel.). 
Synonyms.—SuUMMER YELLOW-BIRD. SUMMER WARBLER. WuiILD CANARY.” 
Description.—Adult male: Forehead and fore-crown bright yellow with 
an orange tinge; back bright olive-green; rump greenish yellow; wings and tail 
blackish with greenish yellow edgings, the wing quills edged on both webs, the 
tail-feathers—except middle pair—almost entirely yellow on inner webs; sides 
of head and entire underparts golden yellow, the breast and sides heavily streaked 
with chestnut; bill black; feet pale. Adult female: Like male but duller; olive- 
green on back, not brighter on forehead; paler yellow below, obscurely or not at 
all streaked with chestnut. Young males resemble the adult female. Young 
female still duller; dusky yellow below. Length 4.75-5.25 (120.6-133.3) ; wing 
2.51 (63.8) ; tail 1.68 (42.7) ; bill .40 (10.2) ; tarsus .73 (18.61). 
Recognition Marks.—Medium size; golden yellow coloration; chestnut 
streaks on breast of male; after the Lutescent the commonest of the resident 
Warblers; chiefly confined to the banks of streams and ponds. 
Nesting.—Nest: a compact cup of woven “hemp” and fine grasses, lined 
heavily with plant-down, grasses, and, occasionally, horse-hair, fastened to upright 
branch in rose-thickets and the like. Eggs: 4 or 5, white, bluish-, creamy-, or 
grayish-white, speckled and marked with largish spots of reddish brown, burnt 
umber, etc., often wreathed about the larger end. Ay. size, .70 x .50 (17.8 x 12.7). 
Season: May 20-June 20; one brood. 
General Range.—North America at large, except southwestern part, giving 
place to D. @. rubiginosa in extreme northwest. South in winter to Central 
America and northern South America. Breeds nearly thruout its North Ameri- 
can range. 
Range in Washington.—Summer resident in deciduous timber, and shrub-- 
bery lining streams, thruout the State from sea-level to 4,000 feet. 
Migrations.—S pring: Tacoma, April 24-30; Yakima, April 30, 1900; 
Chelan, May 21, 1896. Fall: First week in September. 
Authorities——Cooper and Suckley, Rep. Pac. R. R. Sury., XII., pt. IL, 
OO} pos Tes, ANA (CRUSE IE PE, We ID, Ike IDS, Sis, See. INS, Jo 13, 18 
Specimens.—B. BN. E. P'. 
THE Summer Warbler’s gold is about as common as that of the dan- 
delion, but its trim little form has not achieved any such distinctness in the 
public mind. Most people, if they take notice at all of anything so tiny, 
dub the birds “Wild Canaries,’ and are done. The name as applied to the 
Goldfinch may be barely tolerated, but in the case of the Warbler it is quite 
inappropriate, since the bird has nothing in common with the Canary except 
littleness and yellowness. Its bill is longer and slimmer, for it feeds ex- 
clusively on insects instead of seeds; and its pure yellow and olive-green 
