THE HERMIT WARBLER. 193 
again in the valley of the Cascade River, near Marblemount, breeding, un- 
doubtedly, in both places. Here we allowed the notes, oozi, woozi léooli to 
pass for some time, unchallenged, as those of the Hermit Warbler, but finally 
caught a townsendi in the act at fifteen feet. There is, to be sure, a lisping, 
drawling, obstructed quality in the opening notes not found in the typical 
Hermit song, and possibly not at all, but the lilt at the end, /éooli, is insepar- 
able from the Hermit Warbler, and I do not take it kindly of townsendi to 
mix up the game so. 
Upon returning to the valley of the Stehekin in June, t908, Mr. Bowles 
found the Townsend Warbler a not uncommon breeder. On the 2oth of that 
month he discovered two nests, each containing four newly hatched young. 
Both were placed about twelve feet up in young fir trees, one about five feet 
out on a limb, the other close against the main trunk. In each instance the 
brooding female allowed a close approach; then dropped straight to the ground 
and disappeared. ‘The birds were extremely shy at first but after an hour or 
so became sufficiently accustomed to the human presence to return to their 
duties within a few minutes after being flushed. But repeated visits failed to 
discover the males in the vicinity of their nests, and, indeed, they seemed to be 
wholly occupied with minstrelsy in the tree-tops. 
On the 31st of December, 1905, I saw a Townsend Warbler in the pale 
winter plumage in Madrona Park, on the border of Lake Washington. He 
was with a group of Audubon Warblers feeding in the alders, but attention 
was instantly attracted to the tsip note, which was sharper and more clear-cut 
than that of the Audubon; and it had, moreover, a sort of double quality, or 
central turn, tsiip or chiip. This record of winter residence was further con- 
firmed by specimens taken at Tacoma by Mr. Bowles the following December 
No. 78. 
HERMIT WARBLER. 
A. O. U. No. 669. Dendroica occidentalis (Townsend). 
Synonym.—WESTERN WARBLER. 
Description.—A dult male in breeding plumage: Forehead, crown and sides 
of head and neck, broadly, rich lemon yellow, sharply defined below by black of 
chin, throat and upper chest, less sharply above by black of occiput or hind- 
neck ; this in turn shading thru mingled olive and black into gray of remaining 
upperparts ; upper plumage more or less tinged with olive-green and streaked 
more or less broadly with black; wings ante tail black ai grayish edgings ; 
middle and greater coverts tipped with white forming two conspicuous wing- 
bars,—outermost part of tail-feathers chiefly white on both webs, next pair white 
on terminal half of inner web and third pair marked with longitudinal spot near 
tip; black of chest with convex posterior outline sharply defined from white of 
remaining underparts. Bill black; legs and feet dark brown; iris brown. Adult 
