18 THE ROLLER CANARY 
There is division of opinion on the use of sand or 
sawdust on the floor of the cage. We prefer the former. 
Sawdust gets in the food and on the top of the water, 
and as it is not digestible does a great deal of harm to 
the young birds. Clean the cages out twice a week, 
scatter a fair covering of fine gritty sand on the bottom, 
and we believe you will meet with more success than if 
you adopt the other system of sawdust on the floor and 
sand in a tin or tray. Often the latter is forgotten, and 
grit is as essential to the welfare of birds as is food. 
Wash the perches every week. Remember that cleanli- 
ness is a great aid to success. The cages should be 
thoroughly cleansed before the birds are mated up. 
LET THEM BE FIT 
When the birds are paired they should both be 
thoroughly fit. Never pair birds unless they are full of 
life, vivacity, and movement. When birds are quiet 
and listless in their movements they are not fit to under- 
take the task of bringing other birds into the world. 
As pairing time approaches—long days and mild weather 
—the hens that are fit will be hopping and flying about 
the cages carrying pieces of fluff, strong feathers, or 
other light material that may find its way into the cages. 
They will be quick and active in their movements, 
standing on the perches flapping their wings and calling 
to the cocks. When these signs are observed in a hen, 
you may justly conclude she is ready for mating. But be 
sure all these signs are present. The cocks are generally 
ready before the hens. But be sure they are ready 
before you start pairing. 
Look at the motions of your stock. The excreta 
