THE ROLLER CANARY | 95 
stepping-stone to the Chopping noise (Chop), tzschepp, 
tzschapp, tzschiapp. In Schnatter and Chop the lower 
mandible is freely worked up and down. Needless to 
say, these can earn no points; they have no value 
whatever, and birds possessing them are not to be 
recommended for the breeding-room. 
LEADING QUALITIES 
In valuing the tours singly as integral parts of the 
whole, certain leading qualities should be borne in mind. 
1.—The position of the tour on the register—s.e., 
its musical pitch, high, medium, low, etc. 
2.—Purity (not nasal, etc.). 
3.—Tonality (the finish, the harmonious ring of the 
tour). 
4.—Fullness (not broad, thin, weak). 
5.—Force (well defined, distinct, not feeble, etc.). 
6.—Length (duration). 
Besides these six qualities other things have to be 
taken into account when we view the song as a whole— 
namely, the manner and way in which the tours hang 
together, their progression and connection, their 
sequence, their style of variation, repetition of the same 
tour in the song, the number of tours of first category, 
the harmonious and inharmonious tours, the structure 
of the song, and its effect upon a_ well-trained 
sympathetic, musical ear, also the harmonious assembling 
of the second and third category tours into one whole, 
well-knit, self-contained song. 
The above outlines the requirements which have 
to be met in order to make a good harmonious execution 
