ALASKA INDUSTRIES. 283 



Liikannon. — So named after ouo Lnkannou, a pioneer Russian, who distinguished 

 himself, with one Kaiecov, a coimtTyiiiiin, by capturing a large number of sea otters 

 at that point, and on Otter Ishxud, in 17?<7-88. 



Tonkie mees signifies "small (or slender) cape" [tonkie, "thin;" mees, "cape"]. 



Polavina literally signifies "halfway;" so used by the natives because it is practi- 

 cally halfway between the salt h(mses at Northeast Point and the village. Polaviua 

 Sopka, or "halfway mountain," gets its name in the same manner. 



Novastoshnah, from the Russian "novaite,"or "of recent growth;" so used because 

 this locality in pioneer days was an island to itself, and it has been annexed recently 

 to the mainland of St. Paul. 



AVsolia mista, or "jolly place," the site of one of the first settlements, and where 

 much carousing was indiilged. 



Maroonitch, the site of a j)ioneer village, established by one Maroon. 



Nahsayvemia, or "on the north shore;" from Russian "sayvernie." 



Boga Slov, or "word of God;" indefinite in its application to the place, but is, 

 perhaps, due to the fact that the pious Russians, immediately after landing at 

 Zapadnie, in 1787, ascended the hill and erected a huge cross thereon. 



Einahnulito, an Aleutian word, signifying the "three mamma^." 



Tolstoi, a Russian name, signifying "thick;" it is given to at least a hundred 

 dift'ereut capes and headlands throughout Alaska, being applied as indiscriminately 

 as we do the term ".Bear Creek" to little streams in the Western States and Territories. 



The Profile of St. Paul. — That profile of the south shore, between the Village 

 Hill and Southwest Point, taken from the steamer's anchorage ofi" the Village Cove, 

 shows the characteristic and remarkable alternation of rookery slope and low sea- 

 level fiats. This point of viewing is slightly more than half a mile true west of the 

 Village Hill, to a sight which brings Boga Slov summits and Tolstoi head nearly in 

 line. At Zapadnie is the place where the Russian discoverers first landed in 1787, 

 July 10. With the exception of the blufiy west end, Ein-ahnuh-to clifts, the whole 

 coast of St. Paul is accessible, and aft'ords an easy landing, except at the short reach 

 of "Seethah" and the rookery points, as indicated. The great sand beach of this 

 island extends from Lukannon to Polavina, thence to Webster's house, Novastoshnah; 

 from there over, and sweeping back and along the north shore to Nahsayvernia 

 headland, then between Zapadnie and Tolstoi, together with the beautiful though 

 short sand of Zoltoi. This extensive and slightly broken sandy coast is not de- 

 scribed as peculiar to any other island in Alaska, or of Siberian waters. 



Fresh- WATER lakes. — There are no running streams at any season of the year on 

 St. Paul, but the abundance of fresh water is plainly presented by the numerous 

 lakes, all of which are "svayjoi" save the lagoon estuary. The four large reefs 

 which I have located are each awash in every storm that blows from seaward over 

 them. They are all rough, rocky ledges. That little one indicated in English Bay 

 caused the wrecking of a large British vessel in 1847 which was coming in to anchor 

 just without Zapadnie. A number of the crew were "maaglucken," ' so my native 

 informant averred. 



Driftwood.— Most of the small amount of driftwood that is found on this island 

 is procured at Northeast Point and Polavina; the north shore from Maroonitch to 

 Tsammanah has also been favored with sea-waif logs in exceptional seasons to the 

 exclusion of all other sections of the coast. The natives say that the St. George 

 people get much more driftwood every year, as a rule, than they do on St. Paul. 

 From what I could see during my four seasons of inspection they never have got 

 much, under the best of circumstances, on either island. They pay little attention 

 to it now and gather what they do during the winter season, going to Polaviua and 

 the north shore with sleds, on which they hoist sails after loading there and scud 

 home before the strong northerly blasts. 



Captain Erskine informs me that the water is free and bold all around the north 

 shore from Cross Hill to Southwest Point — no reefs or shoals up to within a half a 

 mile of land anywhere. English Bay is very shallow, and no seagoing Aessel should 

 attempt to enter it that draws over 6 feet. 



Authorities for latitude and longitude. — All the positions of latitude and 

 longitude which I place upon this map are taken from Captain Archimandritov's 

 manuscript chart. During the whole month of July, 1874, while I was here with the 

 Beliance, there was not a single opportunity for a solar observation, although Captain 

 Baker made several attempts to make some. Captain Erskine, however, has verified 

 Archimaudritov's work, and says that it is ^ery near the correct thing. I could have 

 taken observations easily in the occasional clear November days of 1872, but, unfor- 

 tunately, the chronometer which I had proved so defective that I abandoned the 

 labor. 



How to reach Walrus Islet. — To visit Walrus Island in a boat, pleasantly and 



'Anything missing, or beyond human ken, in the Aleutian vernacular is "maas- 

 Incken." 



