ALASKA INDUSTRIES. 443 



(2) For the first four years of zapooska, until the new females begin to bear their 

 number will generally be less. 



(3) A constant number of seals will continue during the first six years of their 

 zapooska; in twelve, these seals will double; in fourteen years they will have 

 increased threefold; and after fifteen years of this zapooska^ or saving of 7,060 in 

 the first year, 24,000 may be taken from them ; in the second, 28,000 ; in the third, 

 32,000 ; in the fourth, 36,000 ; in the fifth, 41,000. Thus in five years more than 160,000 

 can be taken. Then, under the supervision of persons who will see that one-fifth of 

 the seals be steadily spared, 32,000 may be taken every year for a long time. 



(4) Moreover, from the production of fifteen years' zapooska there can be taken 

 from 60,000 to 70,000 holluschickie, which, together with 160,000 seals, makes 230,000. 



(5) If this zapooska for the next fifteen years is not made for the seal's life, dimi- 

 nution will certainly ensue, and all this time, with all possible effort, no more than 

 50,000 seals will be taken. 



Here it should be said that this hypothetical table of the probable increase of seals 

 is made on the supposition of the decrease of females, and an average is taken accord- 

 ingly. Furthermore, on the island of St. Paul, in 1836-37, instead of 7,900 seals 

 being killed but 4,860 were taken. Hence it follows that these 1,500 females thus 

 saved in two years, and which are omitted from the table, will also make a very 

 significant addition to the incoming seals.' 



1 The reader in following the calculations of the bishop, as exhibited by this table, 

 must not forget to bear in mind as he runs it over that it is arranged with a sliding 

 scale of increase that counts steadily down from 1840 to 1849, and also a sliding- 

 down scale of decrease by reason of natural death rates that works steadily across 

 these figures of increase just specified. 



I made this translation at Oonalashka, in the house of the Rev. Innokenty Shaish- 

 nekov, a son of that Shaieshnikov which the bishop quotes on p. 131, ante. I took 

 great care to preserve the exact English equivalent of the bishop's Russian text, 

 and was aided very much by the Creole priest, who had that copy of Veniaminov's 

 Zaplesla in his possession, which I used. 



"Deacon " Kazean Shaishnekov, the father of the Oonalashka priest, was the agent 

 in charge of this island of St. Paul for the old Russian company from 1828 or 1829 up 

 to 1854, when be died. He left a copious and carefully written diary, covering every- 

 thing that transpired daily on the seal islands during all that period. A stupid and 

 unworthy relative actually took this precious MS. and had pasted it all over the doors, 

 the tvalls, and the ceiliDf/ of his house on the island in 1S60-1864, and I saw a few of the 

 smoke-stained sheets still sticking there in 1872. This is a species of vandalism that 

 beggars adequate description. — H. W. E, 



