ALASKA INDUSTRIES. 629 



a list made out accordingly. It was found in going through the siip- 

 j)lies that some things were not suificient to last through the year, 

 consequently such things, as you will notice, were distributed only every 

 other week. On alternate weeks another kind of provisions was given 

 out instead. In this way, and by using all the fish the people could 

 eat, and by bringing some provisions from Golovin Bay, our limited 

 supply proved sufficient. I think it must be admitted that the rations 

 actually given out satisfied the people. 



Both the herders and the apprentices have oeen well and warmly 

 clad, so that they could be out of doors at any time and in all kinds of 

 weather without suffering. The kind and quality of clothing you will 

 find under the account of each individual and also the cost of the 

 same. I find in your instructions that all the api^rentices were to 

 receive the same amount, so that no one might get more than his share, 

 but I have not been able to live uj) to this, since one man sometimes 

 absolutely needs what is not required by another. Hence I find it 

 much better to let each one have what clothing he actually needs with- 

 out giving the same article to others who did not need it, but no great 

 difference on the average will be found in the treatment of the different 

 individuals. 



THE HERDERS' DOGS. 



As heretofore stated, we brought with us from Lapland 10 trained 

 dogs, 5 i)airs. Only 9 of these reached the United States and only 8 of 

 them San Francisco. On the other hand, the number was filled on our 

 arrival at Port Clarence, 2 puj)S having been born on the way. One of 

 these pups was given to Captain Holland, so that we had 9 when we landed 

 at the station. It was difficult to tell who was the most pleased, the 

 Lapps or the dogs, at once more setting foot on solid earth and at seeing 

 reindeer. But if the running and barking are to be taken as evidence, 

 the dogs appeared to have had the greatest pleasure. The fact that 

 the dogs were happy was also noticed by the herd when it, after being 

 imprisoned for months, was set at liberty and ran by the side of their 

 enemies. The reindeer here never before having been watched with 

 dogs were quite unmanageable in the beginning, as they also looked upon 

 these dogs as theii* foes, against whom it was necessary to defend them- 

 selves. For this reason the dogs had all they could do to save their 

 skins, and there was many a race between a reindeer and a dog, the 

 dog in front and the reindeer trying to get near enough to use its ant- 

 lers on his enemy, but these races always ended by the reindeer becom- 

 ing weary of the pursuit. The deer thought it had put the enemy out 

 of harm's way, but no sooner had it turned before the dog again was 

 at its heels, and now the race was inverted, the deer being chased by 

 the dog. 



This experiment was repeated again and again hundreds of times 

 until the dog became too weary to do any more work, but there was 

 always a new lot of dogs to send out and take the place of the exhausted 



