46 THE MIGRATION OF BRITISH BIRDS 



Africa as Abyssinia. There can be no reasonable doubt 

 that one of its fly-Hnes passes south of the Desert to 

 Sencgambia in West Africa, where the bird is also found 

 in winter, and from which an extension of range com- 

 menced to the Cape Verds. Again, the Spectacled 

 Warbler {S. conspicillata) has probably reached the 

 islands by a similar route, seeing that it is a resident in 

 the Canaries, but winters far into the Desert. There arc 

 also several typical desert species found upon the Cape 

 Verds, such as Certhilauda desertorum and Ammomanes 

 cinctnra, Palsearctic or Oriental in affinities, and which 

 have reached the islands by fortuitous emigration from 

 those regions. As regards the Ethiopian elements we 

 have a Kingfisher {Halcyon eiythroi'hynchd), very nearly 

 allied to the H. sonkcendea of Arabia and North-east 

 Africa, further indicating an emigration along the 

 southern borders of the Sahara ; whilst Accipiter ine- 

 lanoleiiais and PyrrJiulmida nigriceps seem to suggest 

 an emigration to them from an equatorial base, seeing 

 that the former species is now found throughout Africa 

 south of the tropic of Cancer, and the latter is said 

 even to occur as far north as the Canaries. We shall 

 have occasion to allude to this migration route across 

 Africa from the north-east to the west in a future 

 chapter, I may here state that it is exceedingly im- 

 probable that Corznis corone and Milvus idinus ever 

 normally visit the Cape Verds, although both have been 

 included in their avifauna. 



The Cape Verds (and we may also sa}' the Azores), 

 therefore, although decidedly Pala;arctic in the facies of 

 their fauna (including the Coleoptera and certain genera 

 of land shells), can scarcely be regarded as part of any 



