THE GLACIAL RANGE CONTRACTION, ETC. S; 



Loxia bifasciata ... 



Pinicola enuclentor 

 Carpodacus erythvimi 

 Calcarius lapponiciis 

 Emben'za mclanocepli 

 Emberiza pusilla ... 

 Emberiza rustica ... 

 Otocoris alpestris... 



Anthus cervinus ... 

 Lanius minor 

 Ampelis garrulus... 



Muscicapa pavva ... 

 Erithacus suecica 

 Sylvia nisoria 

 Hypolais icterina 



Falco vcspertinus 



Surnia funerea 

 Nyctala tenj^malmi 

 Tetrao tetrix 



* ScolopaK major... 



* Tringa temmincki 



* Tringa minuta . . . 



EUROl'EA.V SU.M.MER ,\REA. 



WINTER ARE.\. 



Pine forests of N. 

 Russia. 



Conifer region near 



Arctic Circle. 

 Breeds as far west as 



the Baltic Provinces. 

 Breeds as far west as 



Norway. 

 Breeds as far west as 



Italy. 

 Breeds as far west as 



Archangel. 

 Breeds as far west as 



the Baltic. 

 .! Scandinavia, N. Russia. 



Breeds as far west as 



Scandinavia. 

 Breeds as far west as 



E. France. 

 Arctic forests. 



Breeds as far west as 



Germany. 

 Breeds as far west as 



Scandinavia. 

 Breeds as far west as 



S. Sweden. 

 Breeds as far west as 



N. France. 



Breeds as far west as 

 Hungary. 



Pine forests of Scandi- 

 navia and N, Russia. 



Arctic pine forests, 

 Alps, Carpathians. 



Pine and birch forests of 

 N. and Cent. Europe. 



Breeds as far west as 

 Holland. 



Breeds as far west as 

 Scandinavia. 



Breeds as far west as 

 N. Norway. 



S. Sweden to N. France 

 and N. Italy ; Austria, 

 Poland, S. Russia, and 

 S. Sibei'ia. 



S. Norway, Denmark, N. 

 Germany; S.Siberia. 



India and Burma. 



Mongolia and China. 



Western and Central 



India. 

 India, l)urma, China. 



Russian Turkestan, 



China, Japan. 



S.Europe (e.xcept Iberia), 

 S. Siberia, S.W. Turk- 

 estan, N. China. 



Egypt, Nubia, and 

 Abyssinia. 



Nile Valley to S. Africa. 



Central Europe W. to 

 France and E. to Turkey ; 

 S. Siberia. 



N. E. Africa, Persia, 

 India, and China. 



N.E. Africa. 



N.E. Africa, passage ; 



Central Africa, winter. 

 S.E. Europe, N.E. Africa 



on passage ; S. Africa, 



winter. 

 S.E. Europe,N. E.Africa, 



passage ; S. Africa, 



winter. 

 N. Germany, Central and 



S. Russia, S. Siberia. 

 N. France, Germany, 



Cent. Russia, S. Siberia. 

 Sedentary. 



Few in basin of Mediter- 

 ranean ; S. Africa. 



Few in Iberia, Algeria ; 

 majority in Nile Valley ; 

 India, Burma, China, 

 Malaysia, etc. 



Few in N. W. Africa ; 

 bulk in S. Africa, Persia, 

 India, Burma. 



