THE GLACIAL RANGE CONTRACTION, ETC. iii 



Note. — None of the species have colonized Greenland south of say lat. 65" via Iceland ; 

 those breeding in South Greenland have reached the country from Nearctic bases, or, in 

 the case of sedentary forms, when the North Atlantic, as low as lat. 60°, was dry land. 

 Their range extension has never taken a southern trend into this area normally. If the 

 White-tailed Eagle is a resident in South Greenland, then its ancestors reached the 

 country when dry land extended as low as lat. 60*". There can also be no doubt that 

 yEgialiiis scinipabnatus and not y^gialitis hiaticitla is the Ringed Plover breeding in 

 the extreme south of Greenland. There is no evidence whatever to show that the Pate- 

 arctic Ringed Plover breeds south of Cumberland Bay across Davis Strait, which is not 

 quite so far south as the southern extremity of Iceland. It is significant that Hagerup 

 did not meet with the Semipalmated Plover. The Patearctic Ringed Plover does not 

 winter in any part of the Nearctic Region, whilst its Nearctic ally, though it breeds from 

 Greenland across America to North-east Asia, winters nowhere in the Patearctic Region 

 — facts entirely in accord with the Law of their dispersal. I may also remark that the 

 Lapland Buntings breeding in Greenland are from a Nearctic base — this species is un- 

 known in Iceland. 



