INDEX 



317 



cene and Post-Tertian- time, 

 30, 31 

 Nyctea Jiyctea, 10 1 



Oceanic Islands, 190 



Odontopteryx^ 4 



Old birds migrating as early as 



the young, 239 

 Organisms, powers of to extend 



Areas of Dispersal, 310 

 Oriental and Ethiopian types in 



Europe during Tertian- time, 



38 

 Otocons alpestns, 89 

 Otocoris biiopha, 89 

 Ovibos, 22 



Palaearctic and Ethiopian t\-pes, 

 commingling of, 31, 32, 41 



Paley, definition of instinct bv, 

 234 



Palmen's "Fly Lines," 224 — 226 



PAXURlD.t, 167 



Par us cri status, 147 



Parus pleskii, 27 8 



Panes itltrajnariinis, 202 



Passer doinesticiis, present emi- 

 grations of, 175 



Passer montanus, present emigra- 

 tions of, 175 



Past physical changes indicated 

 by present routes of migration, 



220 22 T 



Petchora, migration of birds in 



the valley of, 142 

 Philippine Islands, birds of, 1S9 

 Phylloscopus bore alls, 1 59 

 Phylloscopiis szbilatrix, present 



emigrations of, 172 

 Phylloscopus troc/iilus, present 



emigrations of, 172 

 Pica can data, present emigrations 



of, 176 

 Picas major, 128 

 Picus minor, 128 

 Pinicola cnucleator, 88 

 Pinicola subhimacJuilus, 88 

 Plectrophenax nivalis, 115 

 Pleistocene land connections 



between Africa and Europe, 33 



Pliocene and Pleistocene species, 

 commingling of, 11, 12 



Pochard, Red-crested, emigra- 

 tions of, 99 



Podiceps crisiatus, present emi- 

 grations of, 1 78 



Polar dispersal of species a m\th, 

 305 



Post-Glacial changes of climate, 

 24, 25 



Post-Glacial Emigration in West 

 Europe, Table showing the two 

 dominant lines of, 116 — 124 



Procellaria pelagica, 1 1 5 



PROCELLARIID.t, 57 



Prohcrodius, 4 



Psittacus, 38 



Puffinus anglorum, 115 



Pycnonotus, 32 



Pyrrhocorax gracuhts, northern 

 range of, 114 



Pyrrhula major, 126, 278 



Pyrrhula vulgaris, present emi- 

 grations of, 176 



Pyrrliulaiida nigriccps, 46 



Range Base or Refuge Area I., 47 

 Range Base or Refuge Area II.. 



49 

 Range Base or Refuge Area III., 



50 

 Range Bases of certain North- 

 west European birds, 128, 129 

 Range Bases, variations in climate 



of, 51 

 Recapitulation of facts, 286 — 292 

 Recent emigrants, analysis of 



Table of, 178 — 180 

 Records, want of carefullv-kept, 



282 

 Red Grouse and the Great Baltic 



Glacier, 194 

 Red Grouse, the development of, 



192—195 

 Redwing, autumn migration of, 



262 

 Redwings and severe weather, 281 

 Refuge Area I., probable avifaima 



of, 64 — 69 

 Refuge Area II., avifauna of, 71 



