36 Arachnida für 1910. 
—156). Der Gesichtssinn spielt dabei eine geringe Rolle und dies 
auch nur bei einigen Familien; die Berührung ist umso wichtiger. 
III. Details of the courtship phenomena (p. 156—164); Netzspinnen 
und Laufspinnen besonders behandelt, bei ersteren ist ‚‚sex-recognition 
always by touch, by tapping or pulling of the web“, bei den Lauf- 
spinnen kommt auch der Gesichtssinn in Betracht. Das Vorspiel 
hängt wsentlich davon ab, was für eins der beiden Geschlechter das 
stärkste ist. — IV. Interpretation of the courtship phenomena (p. 164 
—170). „Ihe male in visual courtship is not actuated by a conscious 
effort to exhibit his peculiar beauties and the female does not select 
males by an esthetic sense. Courtship by the male results simply 
because fear is mingled with his desire; and probably the female will 
accept the first male who courts her, and makes himself recognised 
as a male, at the time when she is physiologically desirous. Sexual 
selection in the meaning of Darwin, accordingly, and in opposition 
to the views of the Peckhams, has probably played no part in the evo- 
lution of the secondary sexual differences of spiders.“‘ — V. The nature 
and use of the secondary sexual differences (p. 170—176). Verf. be- 
spricht hier sechs Kategorien und kommt zu dem Resultat, daß ‚‚in 
all six categories of secondary sexual characters in so far as spiders 
are concerned, accordingly, natural selection alone is sufiicient to 
explain the regulation of the phenomena. At the same time these phe- 
nomena would seem to have a manifold origin, as they certainly fulfill 
very different uses.‘ 
Monti, Rina (1). Contributo alla biologia degli Idracnidi alpını in 
relazione all’ ambiente. In: Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Milano. 
49. p. 167—243. 60 Textfigg. — 1. Introduzione. — 2. L’ambiente e 
l’idracarofauna delle Alpı. — 3. Classificazione delle acque esplorate. 
Distribuzione degli idracnidi in acque di composizione diversa, & 
seconda della costituzione geologica del terreno. — 4. La temperatura 
delle acque, e la fisonomia della idracarofauna. Specie termostatiche, 
ereniadi; specie euritermiche piu o meno diffuse o cosmopolite. — 5. Le 
specie degli idracnidi alpini e la loro variabilitä. — 6. Sintesi delle 
varıazioni osservate in relazione coll’ ambiente. — 7. Ricerche speri- 
mentali. — 8. Conclusioni. — 9. Bibliografia citata. 
Im 5. Kapitel werden folgende Arten als alpin aufgeführt und auf 
ihre Variabilität geprüft: Hydrovolzia placophora Monti, Protzia 
invalvaris Piers., P. rotunda Walt., Sperchon glandulosus Koen., 8. mu- 
tilus Koen., 8. squamosus Kr., S. clupeifer Piers., S. denticulatus Koen., 
S. Koenikei Walt., S. montanus Thon, 8. Thienemanni Koen., S. montis- 
rosae Koen. et Monti cum v. plumipalpis Monti, Pseudosperchon verru- 
cosus Pr., Partnunia angusta Koen., P. steinmanni Walt., Thyas 
iridentina Maglio, Panisus michaeli Koen., P. bazettae Monti, Diplo- 
dontus torrenticolus Walt., Limnesia sp., Torrenticola anomala C.L.K., 
Hygrobates norvegicus S.T., H. retieulatus Kr., Atractides nodipalpis 
S. T., A. spinipes Koch, A. tener S.T., Lebertia sparsicapillata 8. T., 
rufipes Koen., maglioi S.T., salebrosa rubra Magl., giardinai Magl., 
zschokkei Koen., maculosa Koen., lineata 8. T., Feltria armata Koen., 
