DOGS 497 
cisely alike. Thus, while the main essentials of 
field work, such as ranging, judgment, pointing, road- 
ing, etc., are constants, there may be an infinity of 
variable detail in accomplishing like results. 
For the better comprehension of the terminology of 
upland shooting, some explanations will be of value. 
The terms pointing, standing, and setting, denote 
the pause, generally very tense and spirited, which the 
pointer or setter makes when either has located birds 
definitely, or which, when trailing them, he makes in 
an attempt to locate their direction or whereabouts. 
The dog, when pointing, may be quite close to the 
birds or a long distance from them, variable circum- 
stances entering into the consideration of this mat- 
ter, such as whether the wind brings the scent directly 
from the birds to the dog’s nose; whether the dog’s 
nose is keen enough to locate the birds without press- 
ing in close to them; whether at the time the birds are 
in thick or thin cover, or no cover at all; or whether 
it is at a season when they are either reluctant to take 
wing, or will flush instantly at the slightest alarm. 
All these different circumstances the wise, capable, ex- 
perienced field dog recognizes and observes. 
The functional powers of the dogs’ noses, in respect 
to pointing, vary greatly in the matter of efficiency. 
There is nothing remarkable in this if we consider 
that there is much variability in sense organs—as 
in the eyesight of man. 
Supplementary to a dog’s efficiency in locating and 
pointing birds are his intelligence, as shown by the 
