BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES 337 



§§. Tail feathers not pointed. 



?. Rump and tail with orange color. Baltimore Oriole, (female 



and immature). 

 ??. No orange on rump and tail. 



a^ Yellowish green above and on rump and tail. Orchard 



Oriole, (female and immature), 

 a^. Olive grayish above ; hind neck and tail yellowish olive. 

 Bullock's Oriole, (female and immature). 

 2. Not wholly yellow or orange below. 



§. Throat and breast yellow without black ; belly dark or black. 

 Yellow-headed Blackbird. 

 §§. Throat and breast with some black or wholly so. 

 ?. Throat black, 

 a'. Back black, 

 b'. Head, neck and malar region black. Baltimore Oriole. 



(male). 

 b2. Malar region and forehead yellow or orange. Bullock's 

 Oriole, (male). 

 a2. Back greenish. Orchard Oriole, (immature male). 

 ??. Throat not black ; breast with black crescentic patch ; outer 

 tail feathers white, showing plainly when the bird flies. 

 Meadow Lark. 

 B. Under parts without yellow or orange. 



1. Under parts, breast and belly black or black streaked or margined 

 or tipped with white or rusty. 

 §. Wholly black below. 

 ?. Back with bronzy color and reflections ; tail over 4.25 Bron- 

 zed Crackle. 

 ??. Back not bronzy ; tail under 4.25. 

 a'. No red and buff shoulder patch, 

 b'. Rump whitish, nape buffy. Bobolink, (male). 

 b2. Rump not whitish. 



c'. Head and neck seal brown. Cowbird. (male). 



Co. Entire plumage bluish black. Rusty Blackbird, (male). 



a2. A prominent red and buff shoulder patch. Red-winged 



Blackbird, (male). 



§§. Black, streaked, tipped or margined with rusty or white below. 



?. Feathers tipped with rusty above and below. Rusty Blackbird. 



(immature). 

 ??. Feathers below not rusty tipped. 



a\ Rump not whitish ; under parts streaked black and white 

 or tipped with white. Red-winged Blackbird, (female 

 and immature). 

 32. Rump whitish ; nape bufify ; feathers tipped buff or whitish 

 below. Bobolink, (male.) 



