362 THE BIRDS OF MAINE 



c'. Bill with mandibles crossed ; crown grayish. Amer- 

 ican Crossbill, f female or immature), 

 c*. Bill not crossed. 

 d\ Center of crown white, bordered by black ; wing 



bars white. White-crowned Sparrow, 

 d*. Center of crown not white, 

 e*. Crown with some reddish brown; middle tail 

 feathers shorter than outer ones ; wing bars 

 buffy. Chipping Sparrow, (immatiire). 

 e'^. Crown chestnut streaked ; middle tail feathers 

 longer than outer ones. Swamp Sparrow. 

 (immature), 

 b-. Crown without black streaks or spots, 

 c'. Crown reddish brown, the feathers sometimes tipped 

 with ashy or brownish, 

 d'. Outer tail feathers shorter than middle ones; 

 upper tail coverts and most of tail feathers 

 rufous. Swamp Sparrow, 

 d-. Outer tail feathers not shorter than middle ones ; 

 the upper tail coverts and tail feathers not 

 rufous, 

 e'. Wing with two distinct ivhite bands; an indistinct 

 black spot in center of breast. Tree Sparrow. 

 e'-. Wing without distinct white bands. 



f '. Wing longer than tail ; rump slaty gray. 



Chipping Sparrow. 



f-. Wing shorter than or at most only as long as 



tail ; rump brownish ashy. Field Sparrow. 



c'-. Crown not reddish brown, but mixed grayish brown 



with rufous, ashy or slate. 



d'. Wing under 2.75; back rufous, streaked with 



black. Field Sparrow, 

 d'. Wing over 2.75. 

 e'. Crown with a central stripe of grayish brown 

 bordered by chestnut rufous. White-crowned 

 Sparrow. 

 e2. Crown one color, 

 f. Throat black. English Sparrow, (male), 

 f-. Throat not black. English Sparrow, (female). 

 §§. Back not streaked. 



?. Tail with large spots, bars or patches of white, 

 a'. Under parts pure white. Snowflake. 

 a'-. Under parts not pure white. 



b'. Under parts black or brown or slaty color, and white, 

 c^ Breast slaty color ; sides same or brownish. Slate- 

 colored Junco. 



