FINCHES, SPARROWS 368 



C-. Breast black or brown ; sides rufous. Towhee. 

 b^ Under parts yellowish or ashy. 



c". Bird as large as Robin, length about 8.00 ; wing over 

 4.00; bill stout, prominent, yellow or greenish 

 yellow. Evening Grosbeak. 

 C-. Small bird ; length about 5.00 wing under 3.00. 

 d'. Cap black ; body yellow ; wings and tail black. 



American Goldfinch, (male). 

 d-. No black cap ; back brown ; wings and tail black ; 

 whitish below and yellowish on throat. American 

 Goldfinch, (female, immature and winter male). 

 ??. Tail without large white spots, bars or patches. 

 a'. Back brown, ashy or slate, 

 b'. Wing under 3.00. 



c'. Yellow spot before eye and on bend of wing. Sea- 

 side Sparrow, 

 c'. No yellow on wing; lower parts whitish. Indigo 

 Bunting, (female). 

 b". Wing over 3.00. 



c'. Head and rump yellowish or reddish; prominent 

 white wing bars. Pine Grosbeak, (female and 

 immature). 

 C-. Head and rump not yellowish; no ichite wing bars ; 

 under parts brownish buff. Blue Grosbeak, 

 (female). 

 a^. Back not brown, ashy or slate, 

 b'. Back blue or brownish blue, 

 c'. Bill with crossed mandibles, 

 d'. With white wing bars. White winged Crossbill. 



(female and immatiure). 

 d-. No white wing bars. American Crossbill, (female 

 and immature). 

 Co. Bill without crossed mandibles, 

 d'. Back and under parts slaty gray ; wing bars white ; 

 bill black. Pine Grosbeak, (female and im- 

 mature), 

 d-. Under parts and scapulars, forehead and rump 

 yellow or brownish yellow ; bill yellow or green- 

 ish yellow. Evening Grosbeak. 

 Under parts red. 



. Wing coverts not white-tipped. 

 ?. Throat black or blackish ; wings and tail red ; body reddish 



or olive. Cardinal. 

 ??. Throat red ; more or less red above and below. 



a'. Bill with mandibles crossed. American Crossbill, (male 

 adult). 



