SPARROWS 397 



rufous brown. It seems likely that like the eggs of related 

 species they vary considerably. Four to seven, usually five 

 eggs are said to be laid. The species is found as far north as 

 human beings have ever penetrated and it seems not unlikely 

 that if the North Pole is ever reached the Snowflakes will be 

 found there in summer. 



Genus CALCARIUS Bechstein. 



536. Calcarius lapponiais (Linn.). Lapland Longspur; 

 Lapland Bunting. 



Plumage of adult male in summer : back mixed streaks of black, ochra- 

 ceous and buffy ; a buff y line back of eye ; nape rufous ; outer two tail 

 feathers with some white blotches or largely white, tail otherwise fuscous ; 

 head, neck, throat. and breast black ; below whitish, streaked with black on 

 sides. Plumage of adult male in winter : upper parts streaked black, rufous 

 ochraceous and buffy; back of head, throat and chest obscured by whitish 

 tips to feathers; sides of head brownish; otherwise much like summer 

 plumage. Plumage of adult female in summer : similar to plumage of male 

 in winter, but markings bolder ; breast and sides streaked with black and 

 ochraceous buff. Plumage of adult female in winter : browner above and 

 less streaked ; brownish white below with dusky chest markings indistinct. 

 Immature plumage : above tawny buffy and black streaked ; below buffy 

 with broad black streaks on throat, front and sides of breast. Wing 3.65 • 

 culmen 0.42 ; tail 2.60. Hind toe nail always as long as, oftener longer than 

 the subtending toe. 



Geog. Dist. — Boreal portions of Northern Hemisphere, breeding entirely in 

 Arctic Regions ; in winter, south to the northern portions of the United 

 States and to Kansas and Colorado ; casually to the Middle States and South 

 Carolina ; the chief winter range is west of the Alleghany Range, only 

 stragglers occurring in New England. 



County Records. — Cumberland ; very rare winter resident, (Brown, C. B. P. 

 p. 13) ; one near Portland, October 26, 1876, (Brown, P. P. S. N. H., 2, p. 13); 

 five seen at Scarborough, October 31, 1901, (Norton, J. M. 0. S. 1904, p. 44) ; 

 found at Pine Point, November 5, 1905, Norton, ibid. 1905, p. 79) ; Pine Point, 

 March 10, 1906, and December 28, 1906, (Norton, ibid. 1907, p. 17). Knox ; I 

 have a specimen taken at St. George, March 16, 1896, (Norton, 1 c. p. 43) 

 Oxford; visitant, (Nash). Piscataquis; rare, (Homer). Washington; very 

 rare, (Boardman) ; one at Lubec, December 29, 1890, (Norton, J. M. 0. S., 

 1904, p. 44). 



The regular migration range of this species is west of the 

 Alleghany Mountains and formerly such few as occurred here 



