660 THE BIRDS OF MAINE 



J. A. Allen, The Auk, Vol. 10, pp. 99-150 ; various reports of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy also contain 

 interesting articles on the subject. 



The North Temperate Realm is divided into regions of which the North 

 American Temperate Region alone concerns us. This in tirrn is further 

 divided into two subregions, the Cold Temperate and the Warm Temperate. 

 The Cold Temperate Subregion is divided into four faunae of which two, the 

 CANADIAN and HUDSONIAN are to be distinguished in Maine. 



The Warm Temperate Subregion is divided into two provinces, a Humid 

 or Eastern Province, and an Arid or Western Province. The Humid Prov- 

 ince is divided into the Appalachian and Austroriparian Subprovinces, of 

 which the Appalachian alone interests us. This latter is divided into three 

 faunae, the more northern of which is known as the ALLEGHANIAN Fauna 

 and which includes much of southwestern Maine. 



We have then the Cold Temperate Subregion, represented by the Hudson- 

 ian and Canadian Faunae, and the Warm Temperate Subregion, represented 

 by the Alleghanian Fauna in Maine. 



HUDSONIAN FAUNA. 

 The Hudsonian Fauna is confined to the higher mountains of Maine, also 

 including local areas in the Woolastook Valley and local spots along the 

 coast from Mount Desert Island eastward. The summits of Mount Katahdin, 

 Mount Abraham, Saddleback Mountain and possibly a few others of the 

 higher mountain peaks may be considered as Hudsonian. There are most 

 certainly local Hudsonian infusions in the Woolastook, St. Francis and 

 Allegash Valleys. Such plants as Diapensia lapponica, Rhododendron 

 lapponicum, Bryanthus taxifoUus, Arctostaphylos alpina, Saxifraga stellaris 

 comosa, Loiseleitria procumbens, Arenaria grcenlandica, Lycopodium selago, 

 Castilleia pallida septentrionalis^ Uierochloe alpina, Ledum palustre dilata- 

 Uim, Anemone midtifida and Poa glauca may be considered as Hudsonian 

 Faunal plants. Among the birds we may include the Hudsonian Chickadee, 

 White-crowned Sparrow and Bicknell's Thrush when found as breeding birds, 

 and the occurrence regularly of these birds in summer may be considered as 

 decisive regarding the faunal area. 



CANADIAN FAUNA. 

 Various characteristic trees, birds and animals as well as plants of various 

 sorts are more or less characteristic of the Canadian Fauna. Forests of Fir 

 and Spruce are quite typical of Canadian Faunal regions. Among the 

 animals such species as the Canada Porcupine, Northern Hare, Red Squirrel 

 and Jumping Mouse are characteristic. Likewise the following named birds 

 are fairly characteristic. 



BIRDS OF THE CANADIAN FAUNA. 



Black Guillemot, American Herring Gull, Leach's Petrel, Red-breasted 

 Merganser, American Goshawk, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied Fly- 



