14 



USEFUL BIRDS. 



Most insects emerge from eggs, Avhich ordinarily are de- 

 posited and fixed by tlie female parent in positions where 

 the young will find suitable food in readiness 

 i «Ji^© for them when the eggs hatch. Some insects 

 /\ luring forth their young alive, but this is an 

 Fig. 5.-Fiy:iu,i cxccption to the general rule. The young 

 its larva. inscct that emerges from the egg is called the 

 larva (plural, larvae). Some larvte are provided with short 

 lea's or feet, others have none that can be seen ; but all are 

 without wings, and move about mainly b}' crawling. Their 

 principal occupation is to feed. Some species, such as the 



Fig. 6. — Chestnut beetle or weevil, enlargerl. a, larva or grub, enlarged; 

 h, young larva in chestnut, natural size. 



leaf-eating caterpillars, rest during certain parts of the day ; 

 others, like the larvfi; of tlesh-fceding flies, apparently feed 

 constantly. As all eat enormously and grow rapidly, they 

 are capable, when in great numbers, of doing much harm or 

 good, as the case may be. The larvae of flies are commonly 

 called maggots or slugs, those of beetles are called grubs, 

 and those of ])utterflies and moths are called caterpillars. 



iNluch of the injury ......tmmmimmmr^^^ 



done l)y insect pests ^^^^§^^^p ..,0t^R'l:.:h;MiMi9^ 

 is attril)utabl(' to the 

 larvc^ ; although ^'s- '^- - ^-'terpiiia. 

 some, like certain leaf-eating beetles, are injurious in the per- 

 fect form. During the rapid growth of a larva the skin is 

 shed several times, until full size is reached, when the next 

 transformation is efl'ected, and the larva becomes a pupa or 

 chrysalis. Among the butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) 

 the insect often spins from within itself a thread, which it 

 weaves into a case or cocoon which encloses it while in the 



the larva^ of butterflies. 



