120 
partridges, and such ground game, which its long tail and short wings 
allowed it to follow through rapid turnings and twistings, whereas its size 
allowed it to kill quite large game. It was not, however, regarded as a 
thoroughly sportmanlike bird as it lacked the spirit and energy of the long- 
winged Falcons and its use lacked the excitement and interest of the ‘‘ Noble 
Hawks’”’. 
Economic Status. Fortunately this bird is only an irregular winter 
visitor into our least settled sections. Otherwise it would be a serious 
menace to the poultryman. Of 20 stomachs examined, 9 contained poultry 
or game; 2, other birds; 10, mammals; 3, insects; and 1, a centipede. Of 
the 10 mammals, 3 were rabbits and 1 a grey squirrel, both of which can be 
regarded as useful. This gives a total of 15 harmful food items against 9 
useful and 1 neutral. There can be no question as to the harmful status of 
this species. Its size gives it ample power to take pullets and even well- 
grown hens, and such large game as Ruffed Grouse is its favourite food. 
Though the real home of the Goshawks is in the more northern forests along 
the edge of the cultivated sections, when they once establish themselves 
near a farmyard they are likely to visit it daily. They dash suddenly over 
or around a building into the middle of the poultry flock, seize their victim, 
and are off with it before the owner can protect his property. 
GENERA—BUTEO AND ARCHIBUTEO. TRUE BuUzZARDS. 
General Description. Heavily built Hawks of medium or large size, the bill without 
notches or teeth (Figure 33 b, p. 23). The wings are rather short and round and the tail 
long and ample, spreading out in a broad semicircle. Genus Buteo has clean tarsi, but 
those of Archibuteo are feathered to the base of the toes. 
P hee Marks. Round wings, and broad, ample tail make the best field marks of the 
uzzards. 
These are the true Buzzards. The Turkey Vulture is called Buzzard 
in the south, but incorrectly so. The Buzzards lack the dash, speed, and 
spirit of either the Falcons or the Accipiters and confine themselves to 
humbler game and slower, heavier methods of hunting. They are the 
common high-flying Hawks of summer, can be seen circling for hours high 
in the air, and are little given to dashing about the thickets like the agile 
Accipiters. With the exception of the Broad-winged, their characteristic 
habitat is the wide open, though they usually nest in the forest. 
Economic Status. On the whole their mousing and insectivorous 
habits more than compensate for some undeniable damage done by indi- 
viduals of a few species. Though the Buzzards include some of our largest 
Hawks, the harm they do does not begin to compare with that done by the 
smaller Accipiters. Indeed the very largest species of the group, the 
Rough-legs, are the most harmless. Their principal food is mice, other 
small mammals, reptiles, and insects and the size of many of these guarantee 
that the good they do is on a large and important scale. 
337. Red-tailed Hawk. HEN HAWK. FR.—LA BUSE A QUEUE ROUSSE. Butee 
borealis. L, 20. Plate XIII A. 
Distinctions. Our largest common Hawk; usually to be distinguished from all others 
by size. The Rough-legged, which is its equal or superior in this respect, can be easily 
distinguished by its feathered tarsus. Broad red tail is distinctive of the adult. Juveniles 
vary only slightly from the Red-shouldered Hawk of equal age but are larger. Except for 
