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description here is unnecessary. There is remarkably little seasonal or sex 
variation and Plate XX XVII B and Figure 55, page 27, designate them 
plainly. The shafts of the secondaries and sometimes those of the tail are 
enlarged at the tips into brilliantly-coloured appendages having a close 
resemblance to bits of sealing wax. 
618. Bohemian Waxwing. WANDERING CHATTERER. FR.—LE JASEUR DE BOHEME. 
Bombycilla garrula. L, 8. Almost exactly similar in form and colour to the Cedar Wax- 
wing, but larger; the secondaries are tipped with white and most of the primaries with 
white or yellow or both; there is likewise a small white wing bar. The under tail coverts are 
chestnut and the abdomen greyish without the yellow suffusion. 
Distinctions. No further distinctions are necessary; the Cedar Waxwing is the only 
species with which it can be confused. 
Field Marks. Their trim figures and conspicuous crests easily identify the Waxwings. 
The white or yellow on the wings and the chestnut under tail coverts are the best specific 
field marks. 
Nesting. In trees, in nest of twigs, roots, moss, etc. 
Distribution. Northern sections of the northern hemisphere. In America, breeding 
in the far north, northwest of Hudson bay, visiting settled districts irregularly in winter. 
Their irregular wandering habits in winter have given these birds the 
name ‘“ Bohemian ”’ which in this sense is synonymous with ‘‘ wandering.” 
They are northwestern birds, but come into cultivated sections of eastern 
Canada occasionally in winter, as does the Evening Grosbeak. They are 
too rare to have any great economic influence. Their favourite food is the 
dried waste fruit that hangs through the winter. 
619. Cedar Waxwing. CEDAR BIRD, CAROLINA WAXWING, CHERRY BIRD. FR.— 
LE JASEUR DU CEDRE. Bombycilla cedrorum. lL, 7-19. Plate XX XVII B. 
Distinctions. With the illustration the Cedar Waxwing can hardly be mistaken for 
any other species except the Bohemian. For distinctions see that species. This is the only 
Waxwing to be seen in eastern Canada in summer and the most probable one, in the 
southern sections, in winter. 
Field Marks. The natty shape and bearing and the conspicuous upstanding crest are 
easily recognizable field marks. The note, a fine sharp wheeze, is distinctive and soon 
learned. See previous species. 
Nesting. Often in fruit or shade trees, in a bulky structure of strips of bark, leaves, 
grasses, twigs, rootlets, moss, etc., lined with finer materials of the same nature. ' 
Distribution. America, north in Canada to and somewhat beyond the limits of 
regular cultivation. 
The Cedar Waxing is one of the familiar birds of the orchard. It 
builds in the fruit trees in the summer and is rather too well known in the 
vicinity of early ripening cherries. In the winter it seeks the various kinds 
of old dried fruit left hanging on the branches. The coloration is soft and 
harmonious with just enough accent of contrasting colour to give character. 
The peculiar smooth, silky texture of the plumage seems to cause the 
feathers to cling together so that they always lie smoothly and never seem 
awry. The red-sealing-wax-like processes in which the shafts of the 
secondaries and sometimes the tail feather end, common to this and the 
Bohemian Waxwing, are unique amongst American birds and give an added 
touch of individuality. 
Economic Status. About 13 per cent of the Waxwing’s food is noxious 
insects, the remainder largely fruit. The greater part of the fruit is wild 
and of no economic importance, in fact, as with most birds, wild fruits are 
evidently much preferred to cultivated ones. However, when early 
