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The Black-poll Warbler is one of the latest warblers to arrive in the 
spring, usually after most of the other migrant hordes have gone north. 
662. Blackburnian Warbler. FR.—LAFAUVETTE DE BLACKBURN. Dendroica fusca. 
L, 5-25. Plate XLII A. The black upperparts and flaming orange throat are distinctive 
in the case of the adult male. In the female the orange colour of the throat though faint is 
easily recognizable. The young in the autumn are like the adult female although the young 
females are duller in colour, the throat and breast only retaining a faint yellow colouring. 
Distinctions. Adult and autumn males are unmistakable. Autumn females may be 
confused with autumn Black-polls and Bay-breasts but the clearer yellow on the throat, 
the absence of a greenish tinge below, and the dark ear coverts with conspicuous buff eye- 
brow line are diagnostic characters. 
Field Marks. The bright orange or warm yellow confined to throat and breast and 
orange-yellow or buff eyebrow stripe, in contrast to the dark cheeks and crown, make the 
best field marks. 
Nesting. In coniferous trees 10 to 14 feet or more above the ground in nest of fine 
twigs and grasses lined with grasses and tendrils. 
Distribution. Eastern North America west to the prairie provinces; breeding mostly 
north of dense settlement. 
The male Blackburnian has the bright plumage commonly associated 
with the tropics rather than with our colder climates. The species asso- 
ciates with many other warblers in the treetops of the open woods or orchard. 
667. Black-throated Green Warbler. FR.—LA FAUVETTE A POITRINE NOIRE: 
Dendroica virens. L, 5-10. Plate XLII B. 
Distinctions. A green warbler with bright yellow cheeks and sharply contrasting black 
throat and breast. In females and juvenile males the black is almost wanting or indicated 
only by vague interrupted black suffusions which are stronger on the breast. In young 
females the black is reduced to dull cloudings at the sides of the breast and flanks. In all 
plumages the underparts are white arid the back and crown clear, even green. Bright 
yellow predominates on the cheeks. 
Field Marks. For juveniles, the green back, yellow cheeks, and white below. For 
adults, the black throat and breast contrasting with yellow face and white below. 
Nesting. In coniferous trees 5 to 30 feet above the ground in nest of small twigs and 
moss lined with rootlets, fine grasses, and tendrils. 
Distribution. North America, west to the mountains. Breeding in eastern Canada 
wherever cedar or evergreen thickets are found except in extreme southern portions. 
A striking bird, fond of scrubby evergreen when available but is also 
found in the orchard and in hardwood tree-tops. 
670. Kirtland’s Warbler. Dendroica kirtlandi. L, 5-75. Blue-grey above heavily 
striped with black on back, and finely striped on crown. All below, except under tail, 
pale yellow with black stripes on sides of breast and flanks. Females and juveniles 
similar but duller, and breast stripes broken and forming spots. 
Distinctions. Kirtland’s Warbler resembles the Canadian Warkice but is larger; 
the yellow is paler and the black stripes are on the flanks and do not tend to make 
necklace suspended from the ears as in that species; and the back is marked with black 
instead of being clear grey. The only other warbler that might be mistaken for it is the 
Magnolia but the black does not cross the breast as it does in adult Magnolias, and there is 
no yellow or greenish on the back or rump. 
Field Marks. The species is too rare to be accepted on eye identification alone. 
Nesting. On ground at foot of pine or oak trees in nest of soft bark, strips of vegetable 
fibre, and grass lined with fine grass, pine needles, and hair. 
Distribution. Winters in the Bahama islands. The only known breeding station is a 
limited section of the jack-pine plains in the northern part of the lower peninsula of 
Michigan. The species has only been taken twice in Canada, both specimens being taken 
in the lower Great Lakes region. Its nest should be looked for in the Bruce peninsula of 
Ontario and around the Great Lakes west to the lake Superior country. 
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