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Subfamily—Reguline. Kinglets. L, 4:07-4:41. 
General Description. The Kinglets are the smallest of Canadian birds except the 
Hummingbird. They are wren-like in their short round body but more like Chickadees in 
habits and actions. Their colours are dull olive-green, lighter below, and they have s aall, 
brilliantly coloured crown spots of red, orange, or yellow. The bill is small and 
straight, similar to but not as stout as that of the Chickadee (see Figure 67, page 29). 
Distinctions. The Kinglets might be mistaken for some of the dull, evenly coloured 
warblers, but as all plumages except the female and juvenile Ruby-crowned have brilliant 
erown patches, this will usually prevent confusion and size should do so in any event. 
Field Marks. Dull greenish coloration, chickadee-like restlessness, and custom of 
hanging head downward from pendant sprays are characteristic. Their fine, sharp con- 
versational tsee-tsee-tsee’s soon become familiar and are easily recognized. 
748. Golden-crowned Kinglet. GOLDEN-CROWNED WREN. FR.—LE ROITELET 
Hupp. Regulus satrapa. L, 4-07. Plate XLVII B. 
Distinctions. Kinglets, so nearly alike in general coloration, can be easily separated 
by their crowns. The Golden-crowned has a black line over the eye that is absent in the 
Ruby-crowned and the crown spot is orange and yellow in the male or plain yellow in the 
female instead of ruby-red or even olive as in the Ruby-crowned. 
Field Marks. The crown coloration and light eyebrow make the best field marks 
but, owing to the small size of the bird, considerable patience is sometimes necessary to 
distinguish these marks when the birds are constantly moving about high overhead in con- 
iferous trees. : ) 
Nesting. Generally in coniferous trees. Pensile nest of green mosses lined with fine 
strips of soft inner bark, fine black rootlets, and feathers. 
Distribution. As a species, northern North America. The Eastern Golden-crown 
ranges west to near the mountains, breeding in the coniferous belt north beyond settlement. 
SUBSPECIES. The Golden-crowned Kinglet is divided into an eastern and western 
subspecies. The Eastern Golden-crown, the type form, is the only one that occurs in 
eastern Canada. 
One often finds himself surrounded by a large flock of these little 
birds flitting in and out of dense foliage, darting hither and thither, utterly 
indifferent to the intruder’s presence, and coming and going so quickly 
that it is difficult to note the specific characters. Some hang head down- 
ward from a swaying bunch of twigs and others work in and out on 
the branches and twigs, keeping up a continual interchange of fine sharp 
tsee tsee tsee. 
The Golden-crown remains in southern Canada most if not all the 
winter. It is partial to evergreen trees and often frequents the ornamental 
conifers about the house and in towns. It is fearless and trusting but 
unlike the Chickadee seldom becomes familiar. 
Economic Status. The Kinglets are so largely insectivorous that 
they can be looked upon as most beneficial. They are small but their 
numbers, when they occur, more than make up for their small size and 
ae is said of the Chickadee in this respect applies equally well to 
them. 
749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. RUBY-CROWNED WREN. FR.—LE ROITELET A 
COURONNE RUBIS. Regulus calendula. L, 4-41. Plate XLVII B. 
Distinctions. The Ruby-crowned is likely to be mistaken only for the previous species 
but the lack of black stripes on the head is always diagnostic. 
Field Marks. Inthe quick movement of the lively flocks and the deep shadows of 
dense conifers it is sometimes difficult to catch the distinctive head marks of the Kinglets. 
It will be noted, however, that the Ruby-crowned has a habit of fluttering its wings occa- 
sionally, in a few short quick vibrations, during momentary pauses while hopping about 
without flying. This will often suggest the species though it cannot be regarded as a 
certain proof of identity. 
