812 THE WHITE-WINGED SCOTER. 
havior to distinguish them during their southern residence from their better- 
known compeers, They have the same perverse habit of dallying in our waters 
thru the summer season (without giving the slightest assurance that they nest 
with us) and I saw a company of some two hundred Americans idling offshore 
near Waldron Island on the 22nd of June, 1905. 
No. 328. 
WHITE-WINGED SCOTER. 
A.O. U. No. 165. Oidemia deglandi Lonap. 
Synonyms.—WuITE-wincep Coot. Sea Coor. Scoorer. AMERICAN 
Vexivet Scorer. Brack Duck. Sovuaw Duck. Fisn Duck. CrLam Diccer. 
Sea Duck. 
Description.—Adult male: Speculum white; a white spot below and includ- 
ing eye; entire remaining plumage deep brownish black; culmen gibbous at base, 
but nearly covered by feathers which reach laterally almost to nostrils; loral 
feathering usually, but not always, extending further forward than frontal feath- 
ers; bill black, varied by orange-red on lateral and terminal portions (but not on 
knob or edges). Black less intense in winter. Adult female and immature: 
Plain dusky brown, a little lighter below ; and with two dull whitish spots on side 
of head, on lore, and ear-coverts ; speculum white; extension of loral feathers as in 
adult male, but bill only slightly gibbous, and with less orange. Length 19.00-24.00 
(482.6-609.6); wing 11.00 (279.4); tail 3.25 (82.6); bill along culmen 1.60 
(40.6); anterior margin of loral feathering to tip of bill 1.55 (39.4); tarsus 
2.00 (50.8). 
Recognition Marks.—Mallard size or larger; plumage black or dark brown 
(female) ; white wing-patch (speculum) distinctive. 
Nesting.—Nest: on the ground, under a bush, often at a considerable dis- 
tance from water, lined heavily with twigs, dried plants, and moss, with a few 
feathers. Eggs: 6-10, pale buff or light greenish buff. Av. size, 2.68 x 1.83 
(68.1 x 46.5). Season: June; one brood, 
General Range.—Northern North America, breeding from Labrador, North 
Dakota, and Washington, to Alaska; south in winter to Lower California, the 
Ohio River, and Chesapeake Bay. 
Range in Washington.—Abundant resident, except in summer, on Puget 
Sound and the West Coast—the most common duck; formerly common, now 
rare, breeder in northern tier of counties east of the Cascades. 
Authorities.—Mclanetta velvetina, Baird, Baird, Rep. Pac. R. R. Surv. IX. 
1858, p. 805. C&S. L?. Rh. D'. Kb. Kk. B. E. 
Specimens.—(U. of W.) Prov. B, 
THE Scoters are the characteristic salt-water ducks, and taken together 
probably outnumber the remaining winter residents of Puget Sound. Altho 
