945 
ADULT FEMALES AND YOUNG 
I. Plumage much streaked. 
A. With much tawny yellow. 
B. Mostly buffy and rusty brown. 
1. Coloration darker. 
2. Coloration hghter. 
C. Light and dark gray. 
Il. Little if any streaked. 
A. Underparts with yellow. 
1. Lower breast streaked with white. 
2. Without streaks. 
B. Nearly black, with rusty edgings. 
€) Slate with rusty edgings. 
D. Grayish brown. 
gray, 
Family 3. FRINGILAIDAE. 
While many of the members of this family are typically 
more or less streaking, some of them are of brilliant hues. 
I. With conspicuous red. 
A. Mandibles crossed. 
1. Two conspicuous white wing bars. 
2. Without white wing bars. 
B. Mandibles not crossed. 
1. Head, neck, breast, and back red. 
a. Length more than 8 inches. 
b. Length 7 inches or less. : 
(1). Larger. Crimson of crown unlike that of back. 
(2). Smaller. Crimson of crown like that of back. 
2. Red confined to breast and crown. 
3. Red confined to crown, rump, and throat. 
4. Red confined to posterior part of body 
a. Only the hind head gray. 
b. Cheeks and hind head gray. 
Me SEead: 
III. With more or less conspicuous yellow. 
A. Mandibles crossed. 
1. Two white wing-bars. 
2. Without white wing-bars. 
B. Mandibles not crossed. 
1. Entire body yellow, or 
a. Bill enormous. 
b. Bill moderate. ; 
(1). Above yellowish olive green. 
(2). Above yellow. 
(a). Larger and lighter. 
(b). Smaller and darker. 
2. Yellow confined to bend of wing and region of lores. 
a. Yellow extending over the eye. 
b. Yellow extending only to posterior of eye. 
c. Yellow extending only to eye. 
3. Yellow confined to bend of wing. 
neck, and back blue. 
yellowish. 
4. Yellow confined to the crown. 
5. Yellow confined to base of tail, inner wing feathers and 
outer border of primaries. 
IV. Whole head, neck, and throat dark gray or black. 
A. Side of body rufous. 
1. White tip of outer tail feather more than 1.3 inches 
long. 
2. White tip of outer tail feather less than 1.3 inches long. 
3. White tip of outer tail feather less than 1 inch long. 
sparrow-like, 
All are sweet singers. 
B.C. & H. 1. Bobolink. 
20. Northwestern Red-wing. 
19. Columbian Red-wing. 
15. Cowbird. 
21. Yellow-headed Blackbird. 
17. Bullock’s Oriole. 
18. Californian Bicolored Blackbird. 
B.C. 2. Rusty Blackbird. 
16. Brewer’s Blackbird. 
Sparrows, etc. 
that is grayish brown with 
26. White-winged Crossbill. 
25. American Crossbill. 
24. Alaskan Pine Grosbeak.. 
33. Cassin’s Purple Finch. 
34. California Purple Finch. 
B. C. & H. 2. Hoary Redpoll. 
29. Redpoll. 
27. Gray-crowned Leucosticte. 
28. Hepburn’s Leucosticte. 
67. Lazuli Bunting. 
26. White-winged Crossbill. 
25. American Crossbill. 
23. Western Evening Grosbeak. 
H. 26. Arkansas Goldfinch. 
31. Western Goldfinch. 
32. Willow Goldfinch. 
41. Sandwich Sparrow. 
Se Savanna Sparrow. 
Western Savanna Sparrow. 
B G & H.5. Western Grasshopper 
Sparrow. 
52. Golden-crowned Sparrow. 
30. Pine Siskin. 
H. 31. Arctic Towhee. 
65. Spurred Towhee. 
66. Oregon Towhee. 
