959 
B. Head and neck not black. 
1. Rump white. 332. American White-fronted Goose. 
2. Rump not white. 
a. Color pattern giving a scaly appearance. B.C. & H. 25. Emperor Goose. 
b. Color pattern prevailing rusty brown. 338. Fulvous Tree Duck. 
Subfamily 5. CyGNINAE. Swans. 
Everybody knows the swans, at least from park specimens. 
I. Length about 55 inches. 339. Whistling Swan. 
Il. Length about 65 inches. 340. Trumpeter Swan. 
Orper 13. STEGANOPODES. Cormorants, Pelicans, etc. 
Family 1. PHALACROCORACIDAE. Cormorants. 
The Cormorants are popularly known as “Shags” from their habit of standing nearly erect along 
the crest of a rock ridge, thus making it present a more roughened outline than normal. They are all 
dark birds, with lengthened outlines. Most of them belong to the rocky outlying islets along the 
coast, where they nest in rookeries. 
I. Back brownish or greenish-brown, the feathers with black 
margins. 
A. Prevailing color greenish-black. 341. White-crested Cormorant. 
B. Head and neck glossy blue-black. 342. Brandt’s Cormorant. 
II. Feathers of the back not margined. 
A. Bill stout, wing about 11 inches. 343- Violet-green Cormorant. 
B. Bill slender, wing about 9.5 inches. 344. Baird’s Cormorant. 
Family 2. PELECANIDAR. Pelicans. 
Members of this family have excessively lengthened bills to the underside of which a huge throat 
pouch is attached. The birds assume grotesque attitudes. They could not be mistaken for any other 
birds. 
I. Pure white, the primaries only black. 345. American White Pelican. 
II. Prevailing color brownish gray. 346. California Brown Pelican. 
OrpvErR 14. TUBINARES. Albatrosses, Shearwaters, Petrels. 
Family 1. DtomEprpar. Albatrosses. 
To this group belong the largest of the strictly sea birds. Their proper habitat is the open sea 
far from land, except when breeding. They nest on out-of-the-way islands in such numbers as to 
completely cover the ground. Their great powers of flight are well known. 
I. Prevailing color sooty brown. 347- Black=-footed Albatross. 
II. Prevailing color white. 
A. Length about 49 inches. Remiges blackish. H. 45. Wandering Albatross. 
B. Length about 36 inches. Head straw-color. 348. Short-tailed Albatross. 
Family 2. PROCELLARIIDAE. Shearwaters, Petrels. 
Members of this family frequent the open sea, flying easily just above the wave crests, or resting 
securely upon the ocean surface. They are more often seen near the coasts than the Albatrosses. 
I. Length less than 10 inches. 
A. Upperparts bluish-gray. Length about 8 inches. 353- Fork-tailed Petrel. 
B. Upperparts brownish-black. Length about 6. 354. Kaeding’s Petrel. 
II. Length more than 10 inches. 
A. Entirely dark gray or blackish-gray. 
1. Length more than 15 inches. 
a. Nasal tubes light. 349. Pacific Fulmar. 
b. Nasal tubes dark. ; 351. Dark-bodied Shearwater. 
2. Length less than 15 inches. 352. Slender-billed Shearwater. 
