960 
B. Underparts white. 
1. Crown and nape dusky black, sides grayish. 350. Black-vented Shearwater. y 
2. Whole head white. v 
a. Back with white feathers. H. 46. Rodgers's Fulmar. 
b. Back without white feathers. 
(1). Primaries black, white on inner web. H. 47. Slender-billed Fulmar. 
(2). Primaries slate-gray, without white. 349. Pacific Pulmar. 
Orper 15. PYGOPODES. Grebes, Loons, Auks, Murres, ete. 
Family 1. Popterpipar. Grebes. 
These are diving birds par excellence. They have no tails, their wings are short, and their bills 
straight, slender and sharp. They pursue fish under water. When danger threatens they can 
submerged with only the bill protruding above the surface tor indefinite periods. 
I. Length about 26 inches. 355. Western Grebe. 
II. Length about 19 inches. . 356. Holboell’s Grebe. 
Ill. Length about 13 inches. 
A. Bill light, with a black band near the middle. 359. Pied-billed Grebe. 
B. Bill entirely dark. 
1. Whole neck black. 358. American Eared Grebe. 
2. Fore-neck bright rufous. 357- Horned Grebe. 
3. Grayish-black above. 357. Horned Grebe (winter). 
4. Grayish-brown above. 358. American Eared Grebe (winter 
Family 2. Gavupar. Loons. : 
Like the Grebes, the Loons are diving birds, but unlike the Grebes the Loons t (aeog a short tail. 
They are large, strong birds, and fly well when once well started a-wing. They dive extremely well, 
and swim long distances under water. Their swiftness of movement under water is such that no fish” 
might hope to escape them. 
I. Length about 32 inches. 360. Loon. 
Il. Length less than 28 inches, 
A. Foreneck chestnut. 363. Red-throated Loon. 
B. Foreneck black. 
1. Larger; crown and nape darker gray. 361. Black-throated Loon. 
2. Smaller; crown and nape light gray. 362. Pacitic Loon. 
Family 3. AvcipAr. Auks, Murres, Puffins, etc. 
3 
Members of this family have thick necks, short bodies, and present in general a compact appearance. 
They have evident tails and short wings, but fly readily. Many nest on high rocky cliffs or 1 
some burrow into banks or among loose rocks, or occupy small clefts or grottoes in rocks; Most 
them lay but a single egg a season. 
I. Length about 17 inches. 372. California Murre. 
Il. Length less than 16 inches. 
A. Body and wings and tail uniform sooty black. 364. Tufted Puffin. 
B. Entire plumage with wavy bars of two shades of gray. 370. Marbled Murrelet. 
C. Belly white. 
1. Whole breast and belly white. 
a. Top of head and neck black. 
(at). Throat white. 370. Marbled Murrelet (winter). 
(bt). Throat gray. 369. Ancient Murrelet. 
b. Top of head gray. 
(1). Whole side of head white. B.C. 14. Horned Puffin. 
(2). Side of head gray like the crown, 367. Paroquet Auklet. 
c. Upperparts varied, black and white. 371. Pigeon Guillemot (winter). 
2. Throat and breast gray 
a. Length about 15 inches 365. Rhinoceros Auklet. 
b. Length about 9 inches. 366. Cassin's Auklet. 
c. Length about 7 inches 368. Least Auklet. 
D. Black; a large white wing patch 371. Pigeon Guillemot. 
