| 
' | 
CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN BIRDS. IOI 
Abundant in Hudson Strait—breeds in Ungava Bay ; plentiful 
on the eastern coast of Labrador. (Zurner.) This bird was most 
numerous during the month of June at Cape Prince of Wales, 
Hudson Strait. Apparently it does not breed, as it disappeared 
after that date. (Payne.) Occasional in Quebec and Ontario. 
Richardson and Ross both speak of this being a rare bird 
toward the north and along the Arctic coast. Richardson says 
it frequents eddies under cascades and in rapid streams in the 
north. Dr. Coues found it breeding in turbulent streams 
entering Chief Mountain Lake (Waterton Lake), near the agth 
parallel; and the writer, in July, 1885, found a mother and a 
young brood in a very rapid stream entering Kicking Horse Lake 
at Hector, Rocky Mountains, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, 
at an altitude of 5,000 feet. Spreadborough found this species 
breeding at Canmore, near Banff, Rocky Mountains, in June, 
1891. A pair was shot, and others seen. During the summer of 
1898, this species was seen in many of the mountain tributaries of 
the Athabasca by the same observer. Both Nelson and Turner 
mention this bird as very common in the bays and along the 
coasts of Alaska, but it does not breed on the coast. Nelson 
says it breeds on the clear streams of the interior, which agrees 
with our knowledge further to the south. Fannin says: “ An 
abundant resident; breeds along the creeks close to the salt 
water at Burrard Inlet and Howe Sound, and also in the interior 
of British Columbia.” Brooks says a few breed in the valley of 
the Lower Fraser. 
BREEDING Notes.—This species breeds at the mouth of the 
Mackenzie River, for one of my collectors sent me eight eggs 
with the skin of the parent bird. The nest was found on June 
igth, 1894. It was built on a high bank, near some ice-floes, 
under sticks piled up by overflow water in the spring. One of 
the eggs in the nest is a runt, one-third the usual size. The 
eggs of this bird have seldom been obtained in North America. 
It breeds in Iceland, and lays from six to eight eggs, seldom 
more. They are similar to those of the Gadwell and Baldpate, 
but average larger, and are of a deeper buff tint. (azne.) 
The nest and eggs of this species were not procured by me, 
and the only nest I ever saw was near Iliuliuk village, on Unalaska 
