134 The IVater-fowl Family 



SCAUP DUCK 

 {Ayt/iya niarild) 



Adult male — Head, neck, front of back and breast, black; head 

 and neck with metalHc green reflections ; lower part of back 

 and rump and under tail-coverts, black ; middle of back, scap- 

 ulars, and anal region, white with black undulations ; wing- 

 coverts, black, finely barred with white ; speculum, white, bounded 

 in front by black line ; tail, blackish brown ; belly and sides, 

 white ; bill, blue-gray ; nail, black ; iris, yellow ; legs and feet, 

 plumbeous. 



Male in sm/nner — Similar to female, but head blacker and back 

 whiter. 



Measurements — 'Lengih, 19 inches; wing, 8.40 inches; culmen, 2 

 inches; tarsus, 1.40 inches. 



Adult female — Forehead and sides of head at base of bill, white; 

 rest of head, neck, and breast, brown; upper parts, dusky brown ; 

 back and scapulars, undulated slightly with white ; wings, brown, 

 with white speculum ; belly, white ; under tail-coverts and anal 

 region, dark brown ; iris, bill, and feet, as in the male. 



Measurernents — Length, 19 inches; wing, 8.40 inches; culmen, 

 1.75 inches ; tarsus, 1.40 inches. 



Downy young — Similar to the Lesser Scaup. 



Eggs — Eight to twelve in number, pale olive-gray, and measure 2.55 

 by 1.70 inches. 



Habitat — Northern parts of northern hemisphere, breeding far 

 north, and, in the eastern hemisphere, wintering south to the 

 Mediterranean, Japan, China, and Formosa. In North Amer- 

 ica, breeds from the Magdalen Islands, Manitoba, Assiniboia, 

 Alberta, and British Columbia, possibly Michigan, Minnesota, 

 Iowa, and Oregon, north to Labrador, Hudson Bay, probably 

 Fort Anderson, Kotzebue Sound, and the Yukon Delta, Alaska, 

 and the Aleutian Islands. Winters from Maine to Florida and 

 the Bahamas on the Atlantic Coast ; on the Gulf Coast ; and from 

 Colorado, Arizona, and Nevada, south to Guatemala ; and on 

 the Pacific Coast on the Aleutian Islands, and from British 

 Columbia to California. Rare in the migrations in Newfound- 

 land and Nova Scotia. 



