XXVIL. 
I. Sides of the toes with lobate webs. . PHALAROPODIDAE. PHALAROPES. 
° 
II. Sides of toes without lobes. 
A. Tarsus over 3.50. 4. RECURVIROSTRIDAE. STILTS, AVOCETs. 
B. Tarsus under 3.50. 
t. Colors patchy black, white, rufous. 2. APHRIZIDAE. ‘TURNSTONES. 
2. Colors not patchy. 
a. Toes 3 (except Black-bellied Plover). 1. CHARADRIIDAE. PLovERs. 
b. Toes 4 (except Sanderling). 3. SCOLOPACIDAE. SNIPES, SANDPIPERS. 
OrpER 12. LONGIPENNES. Gulls, Terns, Jaegers. 
Members of this order agree in having a well developed tail, long and pointed wings and there- 
fore great powers of flight. They live over the water instead of in it, gleaning from the surface 
or diving into it for their food. Their great powers of flight enable them to visit any of the bodies 
of water inland, where they may be found at some time of year. 
I. Middle tail feathers longest. I. SERCORARIIDAE. J AKGERS. 
II. Tail square. 2. LARINAE. GULLS. 
III. Outer tail feathers longest. 3. STERNINAE. TERNS. 
OrpbER 13. ANSERES. Ducks, Geese, Swans. 
The members of this group are too well known in general to be carefully treated here. ‘They 
are all excellent swimmers, and all agree in having tooth-like projections or serrations on the sides 
of the bill to act as strainers for the mud and water taken into the mouth with the food. They walk 
fairly well, and all fly well, some with almost incredible swiftness. They are ‘Game’ birds, and suffer 
much at the hands of sportsmen. None but geese are ever harmful, and they but seldom. 
I. Bill long and slender, cylindrical. tT. MERGINAE. MERGANSERS. 
Il. Bill flattened, duck-like. s 
A. Lores bare. 5. CYGNINAE. SWANS. 
B. Lores not bare. ; 
t. Scales on front of tarsus rounded. 4. ANSERINAE. GEESE. 
2. Scales on front of tarsus square. 
a. Hind toe with a flap or lobe. 3. Funicutinar. Sra anv Bay Ducks. 
b. Hind toe without a flap or lobe. 2. ANATINAE. RIvER AND Ponp Ducks. 
Orper 14. STEGANOPODES. Pelicans, Cormorants, ete. 
Any member of this order may be known at once by the foot, which has all four toes connected 
together by three webs. They are strong fliers, and all have a larger or smaller gular sac at the base 
of the bill. In the pelicans this sac is enormous and is used as a dip-net or scoop for catching 
small fry in the water. 
I. lLores feathered. I. FREGATIDAE. MANn-o'-War Birps 
II. Lores bare. ; 
A. An enormous pouch below the long bill. 2. PELECANIDAE. PELICANS. 
B. With a small pouch and moderate bill. 3. PHALACROCORACIDAE. CORMORANTS. 
Orper 15. TUBINARES. Albatrosses, Shearwaters, Petrels. 
One member of this order has accidentally reached the state. The order must be considered as 
belonging to the oceans, some members of which may sometimes be blown inland by severe storms 
313. Black-capped Petrel. 
OrpEer 16. PYGOPODES. Diving Birds. 
Members of this order occurring in Ohio are duck-like birds, with the legs situated far back on 
the body, making an upright posture on land necessary. They walk with great difficulty, using the 
bill and wings to aid them in hobbling or shuffling along. The wings and tail are short, scarcely 
reaching the posterior end of the body when folded. The Grebes have no tail. All members of this 
order are expert divers. 
I. With 3 toes. 3. AtcmpAr. Auks, Murres, Purrins. 
If. With 4 toes. 
A. Toes with lobate webs. I. PopicipipAr. GReEREs. 
B. Toes with webs. 2. Gavimar. Loons. 
