XXX. 
a. Outer tail feathers white. 25. Vesper Sparrow. 
b. Outer tail feathers not white. 
(1). Wing over 4.00, 45. Rose=breasted Grosbeak. 
(2). Wing under 4.00. 
(a). Tail plain bright reddish-brown. 42. Fox Sparrow. 
(b). Tail grayish-brown. 
(al). Hind claw straightened and lengthened. 24. Lapland Longspur. 
(bl). Hind claw normal. 16. Purple Finch. 
Family 4. TANAGRIDAE, Tanagers. 
These brilliantly colored birds are strictly woods birds, but the Scarlet Tanager is often found 
in parks and shade trees. They are fair singers, but their bright colors are the most notable charac- 
teristic. They eat buds, seeds and insects. The females are yellowish green birds, harmonizing well 
with the woods-colors and shades. 
[. Plumage largely red. 
A. Wings and tail black. 48. Scarlet Tanager. 
B. Wings and tail like the body. 49. Summer Tanager. 
II, Without red. 
A. Under parts buffy-yellow. 48. Scarlet Tanager. 
B. Under parts greenish. 49. Summer Tanager. 
Family 5. MNioTvILripAk. Wood Warblers. 
One of the reasons why we are so fascinated by this group of little birds may be because it is 
wholly American! Certainly one reason is because so few of its members are to be found more 
than a few weeks, at most, during the entire year, in Ohio. They come and go like fairies, 
now adding color to the May foliage and making merry in the woods, now as silently and myste- 
riously stealing away as they came. A few species tarry with us all summer long, but they are so 
small and so unobtrusive that none but the eager student finds them. 
They are called Wood Warblers because they live mostly in the woods, or more exactly speaking, 
most of them live in the woods when at home. In their passage northward and southward they 
may be found wherever there are trees, gleaning among the foliage for the insect larve or eggs, 
or for the pupa securely rolled in its cocoon amid the autumn foliage. They are great conserva- 
tors of our forests and orchards. Some glean like Nuthatches or Woodpeckers, some flutter before 
a leaf or glean from its under surface, some sally forth like true Flycatchers after flying insects. 
It is not possible to give distinctive characters for the whole group in few words. All colors are 
theirs, all patterns of dress, and many sizes of wing and body. For the most part their dress pattern 
is patchy, but some are streaked all over, while some are nearly uniform in color. In song they vary 
greatly, from the insect lisp to the full-voiced, whistled song. There is a quality. however, which 
is distinctly warblerine to the initiated. When you have been ushered into the mysteries of the group 
of Wood Warblers your delights in bird study begin. 
KEY TO THE SPRING MALES: 
I. ‘Throat red, orange or chestnut. 
A. ‘Throat chestnut. 67. Bay-breasted Warbler. 
B. Throat orange or flame-color. 69. Blackburnian Warbler. 
II. Throat black or dark slate-color. 
A. Belly white. 
1. Back deep blue, a white spot in wing. 62. Black-throated Blue Warbler. 
2. Back green, cheeks yellow. 71. Black-throated Green Warbler. 
3. Back grayish, a large yellow wing-patch. 54. Golden=winged Warbler. 
4. Back black, whole head black. 88. American Redstart. 
B. Belly yellow. 
1. Throat slate-color. 
a. No white eye-ring, breast with traces of black. 82. Mourning Warbler. 
b. Eye-ring white, breast without black. 81. Connecticut Warbler. 
2. Throat black. forehead and cheeks yellow. 85. Hooded Warbler. 
III. ‘hroat yellow, white or whitish, under parts without 
streaks. 
A. Large, length over 7.00. 84 
B. Length less than 6.00. 
1. Throat yellow. 
Yellow-breasted Chat. 
a. Whole head, neck and breast bright yellow. 51. Prothonotary Warbler. 
b. Forehead and cheeks black, line over eye yellow. 80. Kentucky Warbler. 
c. A broad, rounded black patch on cheeks. 83. Northern Yellow-throat. 
d. Head and back olive-green. 73. Pine Warbler. 
