xliv. 
B. Whole head and neck white, grayish or rusty. 
1. Primaries black, rest of plumage white. 
a. Wing more than 17.00. 276. Greater Snow Goose. 
b. Wing 17.00 or less. 275. Lesser Snow Goose. 
2. Back grayish brown. 
a. Wings without conspicucus white. 277. Blue Goose. 
b. Wings with conspicuous white. 
(1). Wing more than 17.00, 276. Greater Snow Goose. 
(2). Wing 17.00 or less. 275. Lesser Snow Goose. 
IV. Head and neck brown. bill yellow. 
A. Rump fuscous. 278. American White-fronted Goose. 
B. Rump gray. 277. Blue Goose. (i.) 
Subfamily 5. CyGNINAr. Swans. 
The general form of the swans is too well known to call for comment here. The long neck 
enables them to feed upon the bottom of shallow pools without tipping up in the undignified man- 
ner of the geese. They migrate in flocks much after the manner of the geese, and seem to feed 
on both vegetable matter and aquatic insects. 
273. Whistling Swan. 
274. Trumpeter Swan. 
OrDER 14. STEGANOPODES. - Pelicans, Cormorants, etc. 
Family 1. FrecatmpAr. Man-o’=War Birds. 
The single member of this family which has been found in Ohio must be regarded as an acci- 
dental visitor, not likely ‘to be found again. 312. Man-o’=War Bird. 
Family 2. PELECANIDAE. Pelicans. 
The American White Pelican is the only representative of this family in O.uo. It may be 
known at once by its great size, white plumage and enormous pouch hanging from the lower side 
of the bill. It is found only about considerable bodies of water, or the vicinity of them, where 
it must feed. 311. American White Pelican. 
Family 3. PHALACROCORACIDAR. Cormorants. 
There appears to be but a single species of this family in the Ohio list of birds. Examination 
of the only specimen of Cormorant taken in the state, and supposed to be the Florida form, fails 
to verify the supposition that the birds found breeding at the St. Mary’s Reservoir many years ago 
were form floridanus. "The Cormorants look like geese while flying, but may be distinguished from 
them by the hoarse croak. The Ohio form is Phalacrocorax dilophus. 
310. Double-crested Cormorant. 
OrpER 16. PYGOPODES. Diving Birds. 
Family 1. Popicrpipar. Grebes. 
The Grebes will seldom be seen anywhere except in the water, where they are perfectly at home. 
They may be readily distinguished from all other swimming birds by the absence of a tail. When 
Suspicious of danger they swim with most or all of the body beneath the water, and if hard pressed 
will protrude only the bill far enough to breathe. Witch-like escapes may often be attributed to 
this power. 
1. Large. over 18 inches long. 314. Holboell Grebe. 
II. Smaller, less than 16 inches long. 
A. Bill slender, less than a third as deep at base as long.315. Horned Grebe. 
B. Bill about half as deep as base as long. 316. Pied=billed Grebe. 
Family 2. Gavupar. Loons. 
All of the Loons which visit Ohio are large birds, seldom visiting small bodies of water in 
their migrations. They resemble the Grebes in habits, eating much the same aquatic life. Their 
weird calls, like the laughter of a maniac, have given them their name. Their quickness in div- 
ing enabled them to escape the shot from an old flint-lock or percussion cap gun, but modern 
smokeless powder often proves their undoing. 
