96 ANGIE, CARDINAL. 
No. 44. 
CARDINAL. 
A. O. U. No. 593. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). 
Synonyms.—Rep-pirp; CARDINAL RED-BIRD; CARDINAL GROSBEAK. 
Description.—Adult male in spring: Region about base of bill (the capis- 
trum) and throat black; rest of plumage vermilion,—brightest on crest, sides of 
head, and below, darker and with a rosy tinge above; feathers of back and rump 
with grayish skirting; inner webs of wing-feathers fuscous; bill light red; feet 
brown. Adult female: Capistrum grayish black; wings, tail, longer feathers of 
crest, and a spot above the eye dull red; occasionally faint tinges of red on the 
cheeks, lower throat, and tibize; remainder of plumage ashy brown, duller above, 
brighter and more ochraceous on breast, paler below. Males vary considerably 
in the amount of gray on upper parts. Young birds, like adult female, save that 
the bill is dark, and males are tinged below with vermilion in varying propor- 
tions. Very variable as to size. Adult male, length, 7:50-9.00 (190.5-228.6) ; 
ay. of ten Columbus specimens: wing 3.67 (93.2); tail 3.82 (97.); bill, length 
along culmen .63 (16.); depth at base .62 (15.8). 
Recognition Marks.—Chewink size; cardinal-red at least on wings, tail, and 
crest ; black or blackish face mask; large, thick bill. 
Nest, usually of rather careless construction, of twigs, coarse grass and trash, 
lined with fine grass and rootlets, and placed in thickets or low in trees. Eggs, 
3 Or 4, sometimes 5, white, or with bluish, greenish or grayish tint, spotted regu- 
larly, or irregularly blotched and dotted with reddish browns, grays, or lavender. 
Iie SAS, WOO) Se il (As sx 0). 
General Range.—Eastern United States, north to the lower Hudson Valley 
and the Great Lakes, casually further north, and west to the Plains. Resident 
in Bermuda. 
Range in Ohio.—Abundant resident. Less common but increasing northerly. 
PROBABLY four persons out of five—at least in the southern half of 
the state—if asked to name their favorite songster, would reply promptly, 
the Red-bird. For who is there to the manor born, whose heart does not 
flood with pleasant memories as he listens to our poet, Naylor’s words? 
“Along the dust-white river road 
The saucy red-bird chirps and trills ; 
His liquid notes resound and rise 
Until they meet the cloudless skies 
And echo o’er the distant hills.” 
Not merely for the splendor of his plumage, but for the gentle boldness 
of his comradeship and the daily heartening of his stirring song, the Cardinal 
is beloved of all who know him. 
Some years ago the Cardinal had good reason to complain of our fond- 
ness, but now that wise legislation has forbidden his imprisonment he sings 
