THE PALM WARBLER. 167 
No. 74. 
PALM WARBLER. 
KK O. U. No. 672. Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). 
Synonyms.—ReEbD-poL.t WARBLER; YELLOW ReED-PoLI, WARBLER (name 
now restricted to subspecies D. p. hypochrysea) ; WaAc?Tait, WARBLER. 
Description.—Adults: Crown chestnut; superciliary line yellow; extreme 
forehead dusky, divided by short yellow line; lores dusky; cheeks grayish, tinged 
or streaked with chestnut ; upper tail-coverts yellow ; remaining upper parts gray- 
ish brown, slightly tinged with olive; wings and tail dusky, with obscure grayish 
or greenish yellow edgings, the former without bars; subterminal white spots, 
usual to the genus, on two outer pairs of rectrices; chin, throat and crissum clear 
yellow; remaining under parts yellowish or dingy, more or less streaked, especially 
on sides, with dusky or pale rufous; a loose necklace of small dusky spots. Adult 
im winter and immature: Crown-patch much obscured by brownish; supercil- 
iary line whitish or buffy; below, dingy white or buffy with faint yellowish tinge; 
breast and sides obscurely streaked with dusky, and sides washed with brownish ; 
crissum clear yellow; upper tail-coverts yellowish olive-brown. Length »4.50-5.50 
(114.3-139.7) ; av. of four Columbus specimens : wing 2.60 (66.) ; tail 1.98 (50.3) ; 
bill .40 (10.2). 
Recognition Marks.—Medium size; chestnut crown distinctive in high 
plumage; yellow crissum in any plumage. [Keeps to fence-rows, hedges and way- 
side bushes ; “bobs” nervously and wags tail. 
Nesting.—Does not breed in Ohio. Nest, on the ground in tuft of grass, 
compactly built of grasses, bark and moss. Eggs, 4, creamy white, spotted and 
blotched with purple, lilac and reddish brown. Av. size, .70 x .52 (17.8 x 13.2) 
(Davie). 
Genera! Range.—Northern interior to Great Slave Lake; in winter South 
Atlantic and Gulf States, the West Indies and Mexico. Of rare but regular 
occurence in the Atlantic States in migrations. 
Range in Ohio.—Regular and common spring and fall migrant. Has been 
.taken in winter near Cincinnati. 
IN the careful husbandry of nature this bird alone of the Wood- 
Warbler kind has been assigned to a station unmistakably humble. ‘The 
Prairie Warbler, indeed, regularly frequents low bushes, but only the ‘‘Red- 
poll” takes freely to the ground as well. It was there that he learned from 
the Water Thrushes that quaint habit of tilting the body and shaking or 
“jetting” the tail, as tho protective harmony of coloration must be atoned 
for by some conspicuous and incessant motion, lest the bird be stepped on 
unawares. Altho it feeds much upon the ground, especially in its winter 
home in the southern states, where its hops about after the fashion of a 
Titlark or even patters along the dusty roadside, its favorite resorts during 
migrations are wayside coppices, neglected fence-rows, and the undergrowth 
of damp woods. In such places it is to be found in April, flitting from bush 
