194 THE CANADIAN WARBLER. 
In spring it may be entirely missing, but in the fall it is pretty sure to be found 
among the willows or in weed-thickets, keeping company with Nashville 
and ‘Tennessee Warblers. At all times it is somewhat confined to under- 
growth or rank vegetation, especially that which grows along the banks of 
streams. No bush or briar tangle, however intricate or strange, appears to 
present any obstacle to this masterful bush-ranger. A bird dives into a bush 
near at hand, and you are ready to take oath as to its near whereabouts, when 
lo, it reappears rods away and at the other side of the patch. 
Only now and then is a migrant bird found singing, and we cannot be 
quite sure that we ever hear the proper song, since the birds go so far north 
to breed. One heard repeatedly from the center of a bush clump about three 
feet high said, “Chi, chipitititity, chi, cli.” “Its song is compared by Minot 
to that of the Redstart or Yellow Warbler; while Nuttall writes it ‘tsh-tsh- 
tsh,tshea, and to Goss it sounds like ‘zee-zee-zee-zee-e. ”’ ‘These are all quite 
unlike the breeding song of the allied form IV’. p. chryseola, to which I have 
listened repeatedly in Western Washington; this is a rapidly uttered and em- 
phatescent chip, chip! chip!! chip!!! chip!!!! 
No. 87. 
CANADIAN WARBLER. 
A. O. U. No. 686. Wilsonia canadensis (Linn.). 
Synonym.—CANADIAN FLY-CATCHING WARBLER. 
Description.—Adult male in spring: Above bluish ash; wings and tail un- 
marked; crown marked with lanceolate black centers of feathers, the ashy 
skirtings becoming obsolete on extreme forehead; loral spot, cut off in front, 
connecting with broad cheek-patch, black; supraloral spot connecting with under 
parts, yellow; under parts, except crissum, yellow, with a greenish cast; a broad 
loose necklace of black spots on fore breast, and connecting with black of cheeks ; 
lower tail-coverts white; bill black above, light below; feet light. Adult female 
and immature: Like male, but with black subdued; necklace faintly indicated 
by dusky spots; occasionally an olivaceous tinge on back. Male in autumn: 
Richer yellow below; yellow sometimes tipping spots of necklace. Length 5.00- 
5.75 (127.-146.1) ; av. of six Columbus males: wing 2.56 (65.) ; tail 2.09 (53.1) ; 
bill .39 (9.9). 
Recognition Marks.—Medium Warbler size; bluish ash of upper parts; 
yellow of under parts; necklace of black spots across breast ; rictal-bristles. 
Nesting.—Not known to breed in Ohio. Nest, of leaves, grass, moss, and 
bark-strips, lined with fine rootlets, and placed on ground inside of bank, or under 
protection of log, root, or bush-clump. Eggs, 4 or 5, white, spotted and dotted with 
rufous brown, chiefly about larger end. Av. size .67 x .51 (17. X 13.). 
