THE AMERICAN REDSTART. 195 
General Range.—Eastern North America west to the Plains, and north to 
Newfoundland, southern Labrador and Lake Winnipeg. South in winter to 
Central America and northern South America. Breeds from the higher parts of 
the Alleghanies and the more elevated portions of southern New York and 
southern New England northward. 
Range in Ohio.—Common spring and early fall migrant. 
AMONG the later migrants may usually be seen each season a few of 
these exquisite fly-catching Warblers. In their breeding haunts, which lie 
far to the north of us, they range low in the bushes and often descend to the 
ground, but when traveling they seem to find better company in the tree-tops, 
and appear yery much at home there. There is something so chaste in the 
clear yellow of the throat and chest, spanned tho it is by a dainty necklace of 
jet, and something so modest and winsome withal in the bird itself, that some 
of us go into reverent ecstacies whenever we see one of them. 
The song is only occasionally rendered during the migrations, but seems 
to increase in frequency, as we should expect, as the bird proceeds north- 
ward. Some have likened it to that of the Yellow Warbler: but to my ears 
it bears a strong generic resemblance to that of the Hooded Warbler. At 
any rate it is clear, sprightly and vigorous. Chut, tutooit, tutoocét is one 
rendering, probably less characteristic and complete than Mr. Thompson’s 
classical interpretation “Fwp-it-chee, rup-it-chee, rup-it-chit-it-lit.” 
The Canadian is among the earliest of the returning Warblers, having 
been seen in the southern part of the state as early as August 24th. At this 
season the species is somewhat puzzling, by reason of the frequent absence, 
or half suppression, of the characteristic necklace. On the return journey, 
also, the birds are much more apt to be found in thickets, or low in well watered 
glens. 
No. 88. 
AMERICAN REDSTART. 
A. O. U. No. 687. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn. ) 
Description.—Adult male: Head and neck all around and breas: shining 
black ; remaining upper parts dull black with glossy patches, changing to brownish 
black or fuscous on wings; a large salmon-colored patch at base of secondaries; a 
smaller, nearly concealed patch of same color at base of primaries; the outer 
web of the outer primary salmon nearly throughout its length; the tail 
feathers, except the two middle pairs, salmon-colored on both webs for the basal 
two-thirds; two large patches of reddish salmon on the sides of the breast; the 
