332 DHE TEAST Ei CAm GEER: 
around. Altho nests of this species have been frequently found of late, com- 
paratively little systematic work has been done upon its life history. The bird 
reaches Ohio about the second week in May (Columbus, May 5th, is an early 
record, possibly of &. t. alnorium), raises one brood and disappears early in 
September. Authorities differ, as usual, in the interpretation of the notes: 
“TVhit-te-ar’, and later in the season “Hovyt-te-ar’’ were what Dr. Wheaton 
heard. An energetic swvee-cliee or swee-chu suits most. An early migrant at 
Columbus once startled me with a most emphatic enunciation, Zwec-bew and 
once again sweé-bew, sweet. ‘This bird was evidently not &. hammondi, but 
he had acquired the precise accent of the western species. 
No. 144. 
DEAS ELEY CARCEER: 
A. O. U. No. 467. Empidonax minimus Baird. 
Synonym.—CHEBEC. 
Description.—Aduit: Above, olive, olive-green, or rarely, olive-brown: a 
little darker on the head; wings and tail fuscous; tip of wing formed by third 
and fourth primaries; second equal to the fifth; first shorter than the sixth; wing- 
bars ashy white or brownish gray; pattern of secondaries about as in virescens, 
but edging ashy white instead of yellowish; below, dull white, shaded on sides 
by brownish gray, and behind faintly with sulphur yellow; eye-ring whitish; 
bill dark above, horn-color below,—not so light as in the other species. Jimia- 
ture: Similar, but rather more yellow below. Length 5.00-5.50 (127.-139.7) ; 
wing 2.46 (62.5); tail 2.03 (51.6); bill from nostril .31 (7.9); width at base 
A) (Fee) 
Recognition Marks.—Least, Warbler size; chebec or sewick note, smartly 
rendered. Size and note distinctive. 
Nest, a neat structure of interwoven grasses, bark-strips, and felted vege- 
table-down, lined with hair, or occasionally, feathers; placed in upright or hori- 
zontal fork of sapling five to fifteen feet up. Aggs, 3-5, white, unmarked, or 
TALelyenSPECKEd ANVeN SIZE O23) Xan 0) GlOnexasl 273) 
General Range.—Chiefly eastern North America, west to eastern Colorado 
and central Montana; south in winter to Central America. Breeds from the 
northern States northward. 
Range in Ohio.—Common spring and late summer migrant. Locally and 
sparingly resident in summer. 
IN comparison with other Empidonaces a good many superlatives are 
applicable to this bird in addition to that of least. In the first place he is the 
earliest of the spring migrants, reaching central Ohio some time during the 
last week of April or even earlier. Then he is the most prominent, for he 
