ROUTES OF MIGRATION. 



point, because in connexion with this place we posses an interesting 

 series of data supplied by Emin Pascha. 



Further, as regards Heligoland, 1 have followed J. CORDEAUX as well 

 as Gatke ; for we owe the excellent observations on the crow flight 

 over Heligoland towards England to these enthusiastic investigators. 



I have included Hartmann also, because he has treated the Migra- 

 tion along the Meridian; and HiERONYMUS, because he accepts the 

 deflective influence of the Alps and so on. 



To the point of Lado 1 attribute special importance. The Emin series, 

 which further on, we, will get to know better, is like a strong nail driven 

 in the soil of Africa, to which we can safely cling. For, to tell the 

 truth, it is difficult to conceive what grounds authors can give to 

 support themselves, when they plant the drawing pen on the map, some- 

 where in the Tropic of Cancer, and from thence wander in bold lines 

 over mountain and valley? ! For in reality, without positive grounds, there 

 is no starting point and without a more extended knowledge based on 

 reliable evidence there is no acceptable line to be drawn — naturally 

 not in a mathematical but in a migratory sense. Surely it requires an 

 enviable courage to draw from the district of Lingah, on the eastern 

 shore of the Persian Golf, or from Ras Osmara, on the same coast, and 

 from Bagdad, a line over Behring-Straits, and to name it, as QuiNET 

 did, „volee" (flight), to say nothing of the sharp crossing of the lines 

 of Quinet and Dixon on the one side and those of Menzbier on the 

 other ! What real grounds can there be for such a line — ornitholo- 

 gical migratory route — as QuiNET has drawn from Bombay over the 

 Gauri-Sankar to Pekin ? 



The chart, by showing the contrasts, must act automatically on the 

 authors, or at all events induce them to prove the inductive correctness 

 of their point of view or abandon the saine. 



If we take a strict view of those Migration-routes, which are 

 most likely to cross the northern half of the eastern Hemisphere, 

 it must at once become apparent that Palmen's frequently, and 



(SI 15 (Z9 



