170 APPENDIX 



Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn.) Gadwall. 



Breeding Range. — A large majority of the North Ameri- 

 can individuals of this species breed in the prairie district 

 extending from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains, south 

 to western Minnesota and from northern South Dakota 

 north to the Saskatchewan. 



The species breeds commonly from the Rocky Moun- 

 tains to the Pacific, south to southern Colorado, Utah, 

 Nevada and in nearly the whole of California ; also prob- 

 ably in the Mogollon Mountains of Arizona. The north- 

 ern range extends to southern British Columbia, Alberta 

 (rarely or casually to Lesser Slave Lake) and to Fort 

 Churchill on Hudson Bay. There is no authentic record 

 for the Mackenzie Valley, and if the specimen in the Brit- 

 ish Museum labeled "Bering Straits" really was captured 

 there it was a wanderer, as was also one taken at Una- 

 laska, March 18, 1879. 



In the Mississippi Valley the gadwall occasionally 

 breeds in northern Nebraska and rarely in Kansas. For- 

 merly it bred in Wisconsin (Horicon Marsh and Lake 

 Koshkonong), there is one record for Ontario (St. Clair 

 Flats) and one for Anticosti Island. It is only a strag- 

 gler to New England and the Maritime Provinces north 

 to Quebec and Newfoundland, and east of the Mississippi 

 is rare north of North Carolina. 



The gadwall is a common breeder in Europe and Asia, 

 ranging south in winter far into Africa and to southern Asia. 



Winter Range. — The principal winter home of the gad- 

 wall is in the lower Mississippi Valley, especially Texas, 

 Louisiana and Arkansas. It rarely winters as far north as 

 Illinois, but is more common to the eastward in North 

 Carolina and Florida; accidental in Cuba (twice), Ja- 



