192 APPENDIX 



On the Pacific coast a few winter near the northern limit 

 of the summer range. 



Spring Migration. — This duck is one of those which 

 migrate north moderately early, and in central New York 

 the average date of its arrival is March 25 (earliest, 

 March 16, 1898); eastern Massachusetts, March 24; 

 Montreal, Can., April 24; central Iowa, March 20 (ear- 

 liest, March 7, 1898) ; northern Ohio, April 1 (earliest, 

 March 10, 1887) ; Petersburg, Mich., March 15; southern 

 Ontario, April 17 (earliest, April 1, 1890) ; Ottawa, Ont. 

 (average fifteen years), April 22 (earliest, March 26, 

 1898) ; Heron Lake, Minn., April 4 (earliest, March 24, 

 1890) ; Elk River, Minn., April 6 (earliest, April 4, 1885) ; 

 southern Manitoba, April 15 (earliest, April 2, 1895.) 



Fall Migration. — The southward migration amounts to 

 no more than withdrawal from the northern half of the 

 summer range. This occurs largely during October, and 

 the average date when the last migrants are seen at Ot- 

 tawa, Ont. (fourteen years), is Oct. 27 (latest, Nov. 7, 

 1896) ; Montreal, Nov. 1 ; southern Maine, Oct. 27 (latest, 

 Nov. 2, 1896; southern Iowa, Nov. 9 (latest, Nov. 21.) 



Aythya americana (Eyt.) Redhead. 



Breeding Range. — The greater number of redheads 

 summer in a rather restricted area in western central 

 Canada, comprising western Manitoba, Alberta and Sas- 

 katchewan. The species breeds not rarely in the northern 

 portions of Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana. It 

 is less common in southern Minnesota (Madison, Heron 

 Lake), southern South Dakota (Harrison, Vermilion), 

 Idaho (Lake Hoodoo), and on the Pacific slope locally 

 from Lac la Hache, British Columbia, south to southern 



